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Head and Neck > Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral boundary of the root of the neck

A

First pair of ribs and their costal cartilages

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2
Q

Anterior margin of the root of the neck

A

manubrium of the sternum

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3
Q

Posterior margin of the root of the neck

A

body of 1st thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

2 superficial muscles in the root of the neck

A

Sternothyroid muscle, anterior scalene muscle

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5
Q

Innervation of sternothyroid muscle

A

ansa cervicalis

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6
Q

Innervation of anterior scalene

A

C5-C8

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7
Q

Insertion of anterior scalene

A

scalene tubercle of first rib

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8
Q

Deep muscle of root of the neck (2)

A

Cricothyroid muscle, longus colli muscle

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9
Q

Innervation of cricothyroid muscle

A

external laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

What is the external laryngeal nerve a branch of

A

the superior laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

Innervation of longs colli muscle

A

C5-C8

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12
Q

What are the branches of the 1st segment of the subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, and thyrocervical trunk

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13
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery

A

costocervical trunk

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14
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

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15
Q

Where does the middle cervical ganglion lie?

A

At the level of the cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

Where does the superior cervical ganglion lie?

A

Anterior to the transverse processes of C1-C2 posterior to the internal carotid artery and on top of longs captius muscle

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17
Q

Where does the ansa subclavius loop around?

A

The 1st segment of the subclavian artery

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18
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

A

The subclavian artery

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19
Q

What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

A

The aorta on the left side.

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20
Q

Where do the inferior deep cervical nodes lie?

A

On the internal jugular vein near its junction with the subclavian vein.

21
Q

What are the 3 layers of cervical viscera?

A

Alimentary layer, respiratory layer and endocrine layer. From superficial to deep

22
Q

What does the alimentary layer of cervical viscera consist of?

A

pharynx and esophagus

23
Q

What does the respiratory layer of cervical viscera consist of

A

larynx and trachea

24
Q

What does the endocrine layer of cervical viscera consist of

A

the thyroid and parathyroid glands

25
Q

Where is the thyroid relative to the tracheal rings

A

It typically crosses the 2nd, 3rd and 4th tracheal rings

26
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid arter, and thyroid ima artery (variable branch from brachiocephalic trunk)

27
Q

Venous return from thyroid gland

A

superior and middle thyroid veins go to the IJV and inferior thyroid vein goes to the brachiocephalic vein

28
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

2-6 small ovoid bodies that lie against the dorsal of the thyroid under its sheath but with their own capsules

29
Q

Blood supply to the parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid artery

30
Q

6 layers of deep cervical fascia

A 
Superficial/investing layer 
Pre-vertebral layer 
Carotid sheath 
Pre-tracheal layer 
Buccopharyngeal fascia 
Pharyngobasilar fascia
31
Q

Where is the 1st segment of the subclavian artery

A

medial to the anterior scalene

32
Q

Where is the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery

A

posterior to anterior scalene

33
Q

Where is the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery

A

lateral to anterior scalene

34
Q

Branching of right sided blood supply:

A

aorta–> brachiocephalic artery–> common carotid–> subclavian artery

35
Q

Branching of left sided blood supply:

A

Arch of aorta–> common carotid artery–> subclavian artery

36
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk covered by in terms of fascia?

A

It is covered by the pre-vertebral fascia. It is located behind the carotid sheath and anterior to longus colli muscle.

37
Q

Where is the inferior cervical/stellate ganglion lie?

A

anterior to the neck of the 1st rib

38
Q

How is the right lymphatic duct formed?

A

By merging of the right jugular trunk, the right subclavian trunk, the right lymphatic duct entering the right subclavian artery and the right bronchomediastinal trunk.

39
Q

How is the thoracic duct formed?

A

By merging of the left jugular trunk, the left subclavian trunk, the thoracic duct entering the left subclavian vein and the left bronchomediastinal trunk

40
Q

What muscles does the superficial investing layer of fascia completely surround?

A

The trapezius and SCM

41
Q

What does the pre-tracheal layer envelop?

A

The trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland and infra hyoid muscles.

42
Q

What is the pathway of the pre-tracheal layer?

A

It runs from the hyoid bone down to the pericardium

43
Q

2 layers of pre-tracheal fascia and their investments

A

Visceral part-encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus
Muscular part-encloses the infra hyoid muscles

44
Q

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?

A

The constrictor muscles of the pharynx. It continues forward onto the buccinator muscle

45
Q

How is the retropharyngela space formed?

A

The buccopharyngeal fascia attaches to the pre-vertebral layer by loose connective tissue and this allows for distention, forming the retrophargyneal space.

46
Q

What does the pharyngobasilar fascia surround/do?

A

It lines the inner surface of the pharyngeal wall and with the buccopharyngeal fascia and reinforces the pharyngeal wall where the muscle is deficient.

47
Q

What does the pre-vertebral layer of fascia surround?

A

The vertebral column and it’s associated muscles (scalene, prevertebral, and deep muscles of back).

48
Q

What fascia surrounds the brachial plexus and subclavian artery?

A

The pre-vertebral layer of fascia.

49
Q

What prevents a superficial skin abscess from spreading into the neck?

A

The superficial/investing layer of fascia

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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