Root of the Neck

Question 1

Lateral boundary of the root of the neck

Answer 1

First pair of ribs and their costal cartilages

Question 2

Anterior margin of the root of the neck

Answer 2

manubrium of the sternum

Question 3

Posterior margin of the root of the neck

Answer 3

body of 1st thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

2 superficial muscles in the root of the neck

Answer 4

Sternothyroid muscle, anterior scalene muscle

Question 5

Innervation of sternothyroid muscle

Answer 5

ansa cervicalis

Question 6

Innervation of anterior scalene

Answer 6

C5-C8

Question 7

Insertion of anterior scalene

Answer 7

scalene tubercle of first rib

Question 8

Deep muscle of root of the neck (2)

Answer 8

Cricothyroid muscle, longus colli muscle

Question 9

Innervation of cricothyroid muscle

Answer 9

external laryngeal nerve

Question 10

What is the external laryngeal nerve a branch of

Answer 10

the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 11

Innervation of longs colli muscle

Answer 11

C5-C8

Question 12

What are the branches of the 1st segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 12

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, and thyrocervical trunk

Question 13

What are the branches of the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 13

costocervical trunk

Question 14

What are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 14

dorsal scapular artery

Question 15

Where does the middle cervical ganglion lie?

Answer 15

At the level of the cricoid cartilage

Question 16

Where does the superior cervical ganglion lie?

Answer 16

Anterior to the transverse processes of C1-C2 posterior to the internal carotid artery and on top of longs captius muscle

Question 17

Where does the ansa subclavius loop around?

Answer 17

The 1st segment of the subclavian artery

Question 18

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Answer 18

The subclavian artery

Question 19

What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Answer 19

The aorta on the left side.

Question 20

Where do the inferior deep cervical nodes lie?

Answer 20

On the internal jugular vein near its junction with the subclavian vein.

Question 21

What are the 3 layers of cervical viscera?

Answer 21

Alimentary layer, respiratory layer and endocrine layer. From superficial to deep

Question 22

What does the alimentary layer of cervical viscera consist of?

Answer 22

pharynx and esophagus

Question 23

What does the respiratory layer of cervical viscera consist of

Answer 23

larynx and trachea

Question 24

What does the endocrine layer of cervical viscera consist of

Answer 24

the thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 25

Where is the thyroid relative to the tracheal rings

Answer 25

It typically crosses the 2nd, 3rd and 4th tracheal rings

Question 26

Blood supply to the thyroid gland

Answer 26

superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid arter, and thyroid ima artery (variable branch from brachiocephalic trunk)

Question 27

Venous return from thyroid gland

Answer 27

superior and middle thyroid veins go to the IJV and inferior thyroid vein goes to the brachiocephalic vein

Question 28

Parathyroid gland

Answer 28

2-6 small ovoid bodies that lie against the dorsal of the thyroid under its sheath but with their own capsules

Question 29

Blood supply to the parathyroid glands

Answer 29

inferior thyroid artery

Question 30

6 layers of deep cervical fascia

Answer 30

``` Superficial/investing layer Pre-vertebral layer Carotid sheath Pre-tracheal layer Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia ```

Question 31

Where is the 1st segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 31

medial to the anterior scalene

Question 32

Where is the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 32

posterior to anterior scalene

Question 33

Where is the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery

Answer 33

lateral to anterior scalene

Question 34

Branching of right sided blood supply:

Answer 34

aorta--> brachiocephalic artery--> common carotid--> subclavian artery

Question 35

Branching of left sided blood supply:

Answer 35

Arch of aorta--> common carotid artery--> subclavian artery

Question 36

What is the sympathetic trunk covered by in terms of fascia?

Answer 36

It is covered by the pre-vertebral fascia. It is located behind the carotid sheath and anterior to longus colli muscle.

Question 37

Where is the inferior cervical/stellate ganglion lie?

Answer 37

anterior to the neck of the 1st rib

Question 38

How is the right lymphatic duct formed?

Answer 38

By merging of the right jugular trunk, the right subclavian trunk, the right lymphatic duct entering the right subclavian artery and the right bronchomediastinal trunk.

Question 39

How is the thoracic duct formed?

Answer 39

By merging of the left jugular trunk, the left subclavian trunk, the thoracic duct entering the left subclavian vein and the left bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 40

What muscles does the superficial investing layer of fascia completely surround?

Answer 40

The trapezius and SCM

Question 41

What does the pre-tracheal layer envelop?

Answer 41

The trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland and infra hyoid muscles.

Question 42

What is the pathway of the pre-tracheal layer?

Answer 42

It runs from the hyoid bone down to the pericardium

Question 43

2 layers of pre-tracheal fascia and their investments

Answer 43

Visceral part-encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus Muscular part-encloses the infra hyoid muscles

Question 44

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?

Answer 44

The constrictor muscles of the pharynx. It continues forward onto the buccinator muscle

Question 45

How is the retropharyngela space formed?

Answer 45

The buccopharyngeal fascia attaches to the pre-vertebral layer by loose connective tissue and this allows for distention, forming the retrophargyneal space.

Question 46

What does the pharyngobasilar fascia surround/do?

Answer 46

It lines the inner surface of the pharyngeal wall and with the buccopharyngeal fascia and reinforces the pharyngeal wall where the muscle is deficient.

Question 47

What does the pre-vertebral layer of fascia surround?

Answer 47

The vertebral column and it's associated muscles (scalene, prevertebral, and deep muscles of back).

Question 48

What fascia surrounds the brachial plexus and subclavian artery?

Answer 48

The pre-vertebral layer of fascia.

Question 49

What prevents a superficial skin abscess from spreading into the neck?

Answer 49

The superficial/investing layer of fascia