Root of the Neck Flashcards
Lateral boundary of the root of the neck
First pair of ribs and their costal cartilages
Anterior margin of the root of the neck
manubrium of the sternum
Posterior margin of the root of the neck
body of 1st thoracic vertebrae
2 superficial muscles in the root of the neck
Sternothyroid muscle, anterior scalene muscle
Innervation of sternothyroid muscle
ansa cervicalis
Innervation of anterior scalene
C5-C8
Insertion of anterior scalene
scalene tubercle of first rib
Deep muscle of root of the neck (2)
Cricothyroid muscle, longus colli muscle
Innervation of cricothyroid muscle
external laryngeal nerve
What is the external laryngeal nerve a branch of
the superior laryngeal nerve
Innervation of longs colli muscle
C5-C8
What are the branches of the 1st segment of the subclavian artery
Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, and thyrocervical trunk
What are the branches of the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery
costocervical trunk
What are the branches of the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery
dorsal scapular artery
Where does the middle cervical ganglion lie?
At the level of the cricoid cartilage
Where does the superior cervical ganglion lie?
Anterior to the transverse processes of C1-C2 posterior to the internal carotid artery and on top of longs captius muscle
Where does the ansa subclavius loop around?
The 1st segment of the subclavian artery
What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
The subclavian artery
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
The aorta on the left side.
Where do the inferior deep cervical nodes lie?
On the internal jugular vein near its junction with the subclavian vein.
What are the 3 layers of cervical viscera?
Alimentary layer, respiratory layer and endocrine layer. From superficial to deep
What does the alimentary layer of cervical viscera consist of?
pharynx and esophagus
What does the respiratory layer of cervical viscera consist of
larynx and trachea
What does the endocrine layer of cervical viscera consist of
the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Where is the thyroid relative to the tracheal rings
It typically crosses the 2nd, 3rd and 4th tracheal rings
Blood supply to the thyroid gland
superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid arter, and thyroid ima artery (variable branch from brachiocephalic trunk)
Venous return from thyroid gland
superior and middle thyroid veins go to the IJV and inferior thyroid vein goes to the brachiocephalic vein
Parathyroid gland
2-6 small ovoid bodies that lie against the dorsal of the thyroid under its sheath but with their own capsules
Blood supply to the parathyroid glands
inferior thyroid artery
6 layers of deep cervical fascia
Superficial/investing layer Pre-vertebral layer Carotid sheath Pre-tracheal layer Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia
Where is the 1st segment of the subclavian artery
medial to the anterior scalene
Where is the 2nd segment of the subclavian artery
posterior to anterior scalene
Where is the 3rd segment of the subclavian artery
lateral to anterior scalene
Branching of right sided blood supply:
aorta–> brachiocephalic artery–> common carotid–> subclavian artery
Branching of left sided blood supply:
Arch of aorta–> common carotid artery–> subclavian artery
What is the sympathetic trunk covered by in terms of fascia?
It is covered by the pre-vertebral fascia. It is located behind the carotid sheath and anterior to longus colli muscle.
Where is the inferior cervical/stellate ganglion lie?
anterior to the neck of the 1st rib
How is the right lymphatic duct formed?
By merging of the right jugular trunk, the right subclavian trunk, the right lymphatic duct entering the right subclavian artery and the right bronchomediastinal trunk.
How is the thoracic duct formed?
By merging of the left jugular trunk, the left subclavian trunk, the thoracic duct entering the left subclavian vein and the left bronchomediastinal trunk
What muscles does the superficial investing layer of fascia completely surround?
The trapezius and SCM
What does the pre-tracheal layer envelop?
The trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland and infra hyoid muscles.
What is the pathway of the pre-tracheal layer?
It runs from the hyoid bone down to the pericardium
2 layers of pre-tracheal fascia and their investments
Visceral part-encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus
Muscular part-encloses the infra hyoid muscles
What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?
The constrictor muscles of the pharynx. It continues forward onto the buccinator muscle
How is the retropharyngela space formed?
The buccopharyngeal fascia attaches to the pre-vertebral layer by loose connective tissue and this allows for distention, forming the retrophargyneal space.
What does the pharyngobasilar fascia surround/do?
It lines the inner surface of the pharyngeal wall and with the buccopharyngeal fascia and reinforces the pharyngeal wall where the muscle is deficient.
What does the pre-vertebral layer of fascia surround?
The vertebral column and it’s associated muscles (scalene, prevertebral, and deep muscles of back).
What fascia surrounds the brachial plexus and subclavian artery?
The pre-vertebral layer of fascia.
What prevents a superficial skin abscess from spreading into the neck?
The superficial/investing layer of fascia
