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Head and Neck > Intro to Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Intro to Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory Nerve

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear Nerve

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens Nerve

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus Nerve

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory Nerve

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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve Motor Nuclei

A

Origin for somatic motor fibers

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14
Q

Equivalent of ventral horn of spinal cord

A

Cranial nerve motor nuclei

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15
Q

Cranial nerve sensory ganglia

A

located outside the brainstem, have peripheral and central processes that terminate in a cranial nerve sensory nucleus

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16
Q

Equivalent of spinal ganglia

A

Cranial nerve sensory ganglia

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17
Q

Cranial nerves that contain parasympathetic fibers

A

CN III, CN VII, CN IX, CN X (oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus respectively)

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18
Q

Parasympathetic nuclei

A

origin for preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the head

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19
Q

Equivalent to lateral horn of gray matter of the spinal cord at S2-S4

A

Parasympathetic nuclei

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20
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion

A

COPS (ciliary, otic pterygopalatine, submandibular)

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21
Q

How to postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach their end targets?

A

They hitch hike along branches of CN V-Trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

A

Sympathetic fibers ascend in the sympathetic chain and synapse here because it is the superior termination of the sympathetic chain.

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23
Q

Ways that postganglionic sympathetic fibers can reach their targets

A

1.) Hitchhiking with internal carotid artery, then onto the external carotid artery, 2.) following branches of internal carotid artery then hitching a ride with the trigeminal system, 3.) travel on their own before joining with other nerves.

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24
Q

Purely sensory cranial nerves

A

CN I-Olfactory, CN II-Optic, CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

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25
Q

What passageway does CN I pass through to enter the skull?

A

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. These axons terminate in the olfactory bulb and processes from the olfactory bulb pass through the olfactory tract into the brain

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26
Q

Which system is the only sensory system that does not pass through the thalamus before reaching the cortex?

A

The olfactory tract

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27
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of sense of smell

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28
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

Ganglion cells of the retina

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29
Q

how does the optic nerve enter the cranial cavity?

A

The optic canal

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30
Q

What forms the optic chiasm

A

The uniting of the optic nerves from either side of the face.

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31
Q

How does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

Via the internal acoustic meatus

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32
Q

What is the vestibular nerve responsible for?

A

Hearing

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33
Q

What is the cochlear nerve responsible for?

A

Balance

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34
Q

Where are vestibular cell bodies located?

A

The vestibular ganglion

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35
Q

Where do vestibular cell bodies send their central processes to?

A

The vestibular nuclei

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36
Q

Where do vestibular cell bodies send their peripheral processes to?

A

The vestibular apparatus composed of the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals

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37
Q

Where are cochlear cell bodies located?

A

The cochlear (spiral) ganglion

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38
Q

Where do cochlear cell bodies send their central processes to?

A

The cochlear nuclei

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39
Q

Where do cochlear cell bodies send their peripheral processes to?

A

The cochlea

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40
Q

What are the purely motor cranial nerves?

A

CN III-Oculomotor, CN IV-Trochlear, CN VI-Abducens, CN XI-Spinal Accessory, CN XII-Hypoglossal

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41
Q

What fibers are found in the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor and parasympathetic fibers

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42
Q

Through what cranial opening does the oculomotor nerve exit the skull?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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43
Q

What are the targets of the somatic motor component of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Levitator palpebral superiors, and all extraocular muscles except the lateral rectus and superior oblique

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44
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the somatic motor component of the oculomotor nerve located?

A

Oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain.

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45
Q

What does the superior division of III supply?

A

The superior rectus and elevator palpebrae muscles

46
Q

What does the inferior division of III supply?

A

The medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles

47
Q

What are the targets of the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve?

A

smooth muscular sphincter pupillae and ciliaris muscle

48
Q

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve found?

A

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

49
Q

Where do fibers of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve travel and synapse?

A

In the inferior division of III and synapse in ciliary ganglion.

50
Q

How do postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve get to the eye?

A

Via the short ciliary nerve

51
Q

Lesion of oculomotor nerve

A

Droopy upper eyelid, dilated pupil, pupil directed down and out.

52
Q

What fiber types are found in the trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor

53
Q

How does the trochlear nerve exit the brainstem?

A

DORSALLY

54
Q

How does the trochlear nerve enter the orbit?

A

Via the superior orbital fissure

55
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve found?

A

In the trochlear nucleus of the pons

56
Q

Lesion of the trochlear nerve

A

Patient is unable to look down when the eye is ADducted

57
Q

What fiber types are found in the abducens nerve?

A

Somatic motor

58
Q

Where do the cell bodies for the abducens nerve originate?

A

In the abducens nucleus

59
Q

What are the targets of the abducens nerve

A

lateral rectus muscle

60
Q

What are the targets of the trochlear nerve?

A

Superior oblique muscle

61
Q

Where does the abducens nerve run through?

A

The cavernous sinus with the internal carotid artery

62
Q

How does the abducens nerve enter the orbit?

A

Via the superior orbital fissure

63
Q

Lesion of the abducens nerve?

A

The patient is unable to abduct the eye

64
Q

What types of fibers are in the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Somatic motor only

65
Q

What are the targets of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscle

66
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the spinal accessory nerve found?

A

Spinal accessory nucleus of the upper 5 segments of the spinal cord

67
Q

What openings does the spinal accessory nerve pass through?

A

Enters skull via foramen magnum, exits skull via jugular foramen

68
Q

Lesion of spinal accessory nerve

A

Patient shows shoulder droop

69
Q

Types of fibers found in the hypoglossal nerve

A

Somatic motor

70
Q

What are the targets of the hypoglossal nerve

A

All intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except paltoglossus

71
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the hypoglossal nerve found?

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

72
Q

How do hypoglossal nerves exit the cranial cavity?

A

Via the hypoglossal canal

73
Q

Lesion of hypoglossal nerve

A

protruded tongue deviates to the affected side.

74
Q

Mixed Cranial Nerves

A

Trigeminal-CN V, Facial-CN VII, Glossopharyngeal-CN IX, Vagus-CN X

75
Q

What types of fibers does the trigeminal nerve contain?

A

Somatic motor and somatic sensory fibers

76
Q

Where are the cell bodies of origin for the somatic motor fibers of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal motor nucleus in the brainstem

77
Q

Where are the cell bodies of origin for the somatic sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal ganglion located on the petrous ridge of the temporal bone

78
Q

Branches of the trigeminal nerve and their exits points

A

V1-Opthalmic, superior orbital fissure
V2-Maxillary, foramen rotundum
V3-Mandibular, foramen ovale

79
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve contains motor fibers?

A

The mandibular division

80
Q

How does the facial nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

The internal acoustic meatus

81
Q

What fibers are found in the facial nerve?

A

Somatic motor, preganglionic parasympathetic, somatic sensory, and taste fibers

82
Q

Where do somatic motor fibers of the facial nerve have their cell bodies located?

A

The facial motor nucleus

83
Q

Targets of the somatic motor fibers of the facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

84
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve located?

A

Superior salivary nucleus

85
Q

What are the two branches of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve? and where do they synapse?

A

Greater petrosal nerve–>Pterygopalatine ganglion

Chora Typampani–>submandibular ganglion

86
Q

Targets of greater petrosal nerve/pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

lacrimal gland, nasal mucosa, palatal mucosa

87
Q

Targets of chorda tyampani/submandibular ganglion?

A

submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

88
Q

What do the taste fibers of the facial nerve innervate?

A

the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. They also synapse in the submandibular ganglion. `

89
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibers of the facial nerve located?

A

The geniculate ganglion

90
Q

What do somatic sensory fibers of the facial nerve innervate?

A

The external ear

91
Q

Once in the facial canal, where do the somatic motor and somatic sensory fibers of the facial nerve exit the temporal bone?

A

The stylomastoid foramen

92
Q

How does the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the cranial cavity?

A

The jugular foramen

93
Q

What fiber types does the glossopharyngeal nerve contain?

A

Somatic motor, preganglionic parasympathetic, somatic sensory, visceral sensory, and taste fibers

94
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the somatic motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Nucleus ambiuous

95
Q

What are the targets of the somatic motor component of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscule

96
Q

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve originate?

A

The inferior salivary nucleus

97
Q

How do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve get to their target postganglionic nerve? What ganglion do they synapse in?

A

The lesser petrosal nerve carries them to the otic ganglion

98
Q

What are the targets of the postganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

The parotid gland, they stimulate secretion

99
Q

What do somatic sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve carry?

A

Information about pain, temperature and touch from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate and sides of the pharynx.

100
Q

Where are the somatic sensory cell bodies, taste fibers, and visceral sensory cell bodies of the glossopharyngeal nerve located?

A

The inferior ganglion of IX

101
Q

What are the targets of the visceral sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and carotid body (chemoreceptor)

102
Q

How does the vagus nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Jugular foramen

103
Q

Describe the path of the vagus nerve in the neck?

A

It passes through the neck in the carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery.

104
Q

What branches does the vagus nerve give off in the neck?

A

The pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal nerve, right recurrent laryngeal nerve

105
Q

What fiber types does the vagus nerve contain?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic, somatic motor, somatic sensory, visceral sensory and taste fibers

106
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of vagus have their cell bodies located? Where do they synapse?

A

In the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus. They synapse in intramural ganglia in the wall of the organ.

107
Q

Where do somatic motor fibers of vagus nerve have their cell bodies located?

A

nucleus ambiguous

108
Q

Where do somatic sensory fibers of vagus have their cell bodies located?

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion of X

109
Q

What are the targets of the somatic sensory fibers of vagus?

A

External ear, external tympanic membrane

110
Q

Where do taste fibers of vagus have their cell bodies located?

A

inferior ganglion of X

111
Q

Where do visceral sensory fibers of vagus have their cell bodies located?

A

inferior (nodose) ganglion of x.

112
Q

What are the targets of taste fibers from the vagus nerve?

A

Epiglottis

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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