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Head and Neck > Face and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Face and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

Epicranial muscle

A

Occipitofrontalis muscle

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2
Q

Circumorbital/palpebral muscles

A

Orbicularis occuli and corrugaor supercilli muscle

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3
Q

Nasal muscles

A

Procerus, nasalis, depressor septi nasi

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4
Q

Buccolabial muscles

A

Zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labi superioris, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressors anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis

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5
Q

Depressors, retractors and everters of lower lip

A

Depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis

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6
Q

Elevators, retractors, and reverters of upper lip

A

Zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labi superioris, levator anguli oris, risorius,

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7
Q

Action of frontalis muscle

A

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

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8
Q

Action of occipitals

A

retracts scalp

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9
Q

Action of orbicular oculi

A

closes eyelids, both voluntary and blink reflex

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10
Q

Action of corrugater superrich

A

draws eyebrows downwards and medially

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11
Q

Action of procerus

A

draws eyebrows downward

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12
Q

Action of nasalis

A

draws ala of nose toward septum

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13
Q

Action of depressor septi nasi

A

constricts nares

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14
Q

Action of zygomaticus major

A

draws angle of mouth upward and backward

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15
Q

Action of zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip/smile

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16
Q

Action of levator labii superioris ileaque nasi

A

elevates ala of nose and upper lip

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17
Q

Action of levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip; dilates nares in disgust

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18
Q

Action of levator anguli oris

A

elevates angle of mouth medially in disgust

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19
Q

Action of risorius

A

retracts angle of mouth (Fake smile)

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20
Q

Action of depressor anguli oris

A

depresses angle of mouth in a frown

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21
Q

Action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip in a snarl

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22
Q

Action of mentalis

A

elevates and protrudes the lower lip like when pouting

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23
Q

Action of orbicularis oris muscle

A

closes lips

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24
Q

Action of buccinator

A

Presses cheek to keep it taut while whistling and chewing

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25
Action of platysma muscle
Tenses skin over neck and lower face
26
Where does CN VII emerge from the temporal bone?
Stylomastoid foramen
27
What somatic motor branches does Facial give off as soon as it exits stylomastoid foramen?
branches to stylohyoid, stapedius, posterior auricular, occipitalis, and posterior belly of digastric
28
5 terminal branches of CN VII
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
29
What supplies sensory innervation to the face?
V1, V2, and V3 of trigeminal and branches of the cervical plexus from C1-C4.
30
Sensory branches of cervical plexus
great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, greater occipital nerve
31
What does great auricular nerve innervate?
Sensory to skin of most of the parotid region and the parotid fascia surrounding the parotid gland
32
What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate?
Sensory to skin posterior to auricle
33
What does greater occipital nerve innervate?
sensory to scalp over occipital region
34
Branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal
Supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infratrochlear nerve, external nasal nerve
35
What does supraorbital nerve innervate
skin of the middle of the superior eyelid and skin of the lateral forehead and scalp. It emerges from the supraorbital foramen.
36
What does the supratrochlear nerve innervate?
supplies the skin of the medial portion of the superior eyelid and medial forehead
37
Branches of maxillary division of trigeminal
Infraorbital nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve
38
What does infraorbital nerve innervate
skin of the cheek, lateral nose, skin and oral mucosa of the lips
39
What does the zygomaticofacial nerve innervate
skin on the prominence of the cheek
40
What does the zygomaticotemporal nerve innervate
skin anterior to the temporal fossa
41
Branches of the mandibular division of trigeminal
Auriculotemporal nerve, long buccal nerve, and mental nerve
42
What does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate
skin anterior to the auricle and posterior 2/3 of the temporal region
43
What does the long buccal nerve innervate
skin and oral mucosa of cheek and buccal gingiva of mandibular molars
44
What does the mental nerve innervate
supplies skin of chin and skin and oral mucosa of the lower lip.
45
superficial facial branches of facial artery
Inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, lateral nasal artery, angular artery
46
What does the facial artery arise from
The external carotid artery
47
What is the dangerous thing about the veins of the face?
They are valveless
48
What veins drain to form the facial vein?
Angular, nasal and labial veins
49
What forms the retromandibular veins
The union of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
50
Branches of retromandibular vein
anterior-receives the facial vein | posterior-joins the posterior auricular vein forming the external jugular which goes to subclavian.
51
Sensory innervation of the parotid gland
great auricular nerve from the cervical plexus
52
Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
CN IX via the lesser petrosal nerve carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers that synapse in the otic ganglion. The postganglionic fibers hitch a ride on the auriculotemporal nerve
53
Sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
postganglionic sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion travel to the parotid gland via the carotid plexus by branches of the external carotid artery
54
5 layers of scalp
``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium ```
55
Aponeurosis of scalp
serves as attachment for frontal, occipitalis, and temporalis
56
Loose areolar tissue of scalp
allows movement of the first three layers of the scalp over the underlying calvaria.
57
Emissary veins
connect the dural venous sinuses with the veins outside the cranium via the transverse foramina within the substance of the body cranium. Since blood flow is usually towards the brain, this can be a route fro spread of infection from extra cranial to intracranial venous structures.
58
What is the danger area of the face?
Area drained by the facial vein that may allow spread of infection to the cavernous sinus via ophthalmic veins and or to the pterygoid venous plexus via deep facial veins
59
What is the danger area of the scalp
Loose connective tissue because blood and pus can spread easily within it.
60
Can infection spread from loose connective tissue to the neck?
No due to the attachments of occipitals muscle to the occipital bone and to mastoid portions of temporal bones
61
Can infection spread from loose connective tissue laterally?
No because of the epicranial aponeurosis being continuous with the temporal fascia at the superior temporal line.
62
Can infection from the scalp spread to the eyelids and root of the nose?
yes because there is not attachment of the frontalis muscle to the bone.
63
Insertion of occipitofrontalis
epicranial aponeurosis
64
origin of frontalis muscle
upper orbital margin
65
origin of occipitalis
superior nuchal line
66
Insertion of orbital portion of orbicularis oculi
skin around margin of orbit
67
Origin of orbital portion of orbicularis oculi
medial orbital portion of frontal bone
68
Origin of palpebral portion of O.O. muscle
lacrimal bone
69
Insertion of palpebral portion of O.O. muscle
superior and inferior tarsal plates.
70
Origin of corrugator superricilli
medial supraorbital margin
71
Insertion of corrugator supercilli
epicranial aponeurosis
72
origin of procerus
nasal bone and cartilage
73
Origin of nasalis
nasal bone and cartilage
74
origin of depressor septi nasi
incisive fossa of maxilla
75
Origin of zygomaticus major and minor
zygomatic arch
76
Insertion of zygomaticus major and minor
angle of mouth
77
Origin of levator labii superioris
maxilla above infraorbital foramen
78
Insertion of levator labii superioris
skin of upper lip
79
Origin of buccinator muscle***
alveolar process of maxilla, mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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