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Head and Neck > Face and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Face and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

Epicranial muscle

A

Occipitofrontalis muscle

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2
Q

Circumorbital/palpebral muscles

A

Orbicularis occuli and corrugaor supercilli muscle

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3
Q

Nasal muscles

A

Procerus, nasalis, depressor septi nasi

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4
Q

Buccolabial muscles

A

Zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labi superioris, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressors anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis

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5
Q

Depressors, retractors and everters of lower lip

A

Depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis

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6
Q

Elevators, retractors, and reverters of upper lip

A

Zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labi superioris, levator anguli oris, risorius,

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7
Q

Action of frontalis muscle

A

elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

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8
Q

Action of occipitals

A

retracts scalp

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9
Q

Action of orbicular oculi

A

closes eyelids, both voluntary and blink reflex

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10
Q

Action of corrugater superrich

A

draws eyebrows downwards and medially

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11
Q

Action of procerus

A

draws eyebrows downward

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12
Q

Action of nasalis

A

draws ala of nose toward septum

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13
Q

Action of depressor septi nasi

A

constricts nares

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14
Q

Action of zygomaticus major

A

draws angle of mouth upward and backward

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15
Q

Action of zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip/smile

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16
Q

Action of levator labii superioris ileaque nasi

A

elevates ala of nose and upper lip

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17
Q

Action of levator labii superioris

A

elevates upper lip; dilates nares in disgust

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18
Q

Action of levator anguli oris

A

elevates angle of mouth medially in disgust

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19
Q

Action of risorius

A

retracts angle of mouth (Fake smile)

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20
Q

Action of depressor anguli oris

A

depresses angle of mouth in a frown

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21
Q

Action of depressor labii inferioris

A

depresses lower lip in a snarl

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22
Q

Action of mentalis

A

elevates and protrudes the lower lip like when pouting

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23
Q

Action of orbicularis oris muscle

A

closes lips

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24
Q

Action of buccinator

A

Presses cheek to keep it taut while whistling and chewing

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25
Q

Action of platysma muscle

A

Tenses skin over neck and lower face

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26
Q

Where does CN VII emerge from the temporal bone?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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27
Q

What somatic motor branches does Facial give off as soon as it exits stylomastoid foramen?

A

branches to stylohyoid, stapedius, posterior auricular, occipitalis, and posterior belly of digastric

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28
Q

5 terminal branches of CN VII

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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29
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the face?

A

V1, V2, and V3 of trigeminal and branches of the cervical plexus from C1-C4.

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30
Q

Sensory branches of cervical plexus

A

great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, greater occipital nerve

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31
Q

What does great auricular nerve innervate?

A

Sensory to skin of most of the parotid region and the parotid fascia surrounding the parotid gland

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32
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate?

A

Sensory to skin posterior to auricle

33
Q

What does greater occipital nerve innervate?

A

sensory to scalp over occipital region

34
Q

Branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal

A

Supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, infratrochlear nerve, external nasal nerve

35
Q

What does supraorbital nerve innervate

A

skin of the middle of the superior eyelid and skin of the lateral forehead and scalp. It emerges from the supraorbital foramen.

36
Q

What does the supratrochlear nerve innervate?

A

supplies the skin of the medial portion of the superior eyelid and medial forehead

37
Q

Branches of maxillary division of trigeminal

A

Infraorbital nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve

38
Q

What does infraorbital nerve innervate

A

skin of the cheek, lateral nose, skin and oral mucosa of the lips

39
Q

What does the zygomaticofacial nerve innervate

A

skin on the prominence of the cheek

40
Q

What does the zygomaticotemporal nerve innervate

A

skin anterior to the temporal fossa

41
Q

Branches of the mandibular division of trigeminal

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, long buccal nerve, and mental nerve

42
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve innervate

A

skin anterior to the auricle and posterior 2/3 of the temporal region

43
Q

What does the long buccal nerve innervate

A

skin and oral mucosa of cheek and buccal gingiva of mandibular molars

44
Q

What does the mental nerve innervate

A

supplies skin of chin and skin and oral mucosa of the lower lip.

45
Q

superficial facial branches of facial artery

A

Inferior labial artery, superior labial artery, lateral nasal artery, angular artery

46
Q

What does the facial artery arise from

A

The external carotid artery

47
Q

What is the dangerous thing about the veins of the face?

A

They are valveless

48
Q

What veins drain to form the facial vein?

A

Angular, nasal and labial veins

49
Q

What forms the retromandibular veins

A

The union of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

50
Q

Branches of retromandibular vein

A

anterior-receives the facial vein

posterior-joins the posterior auricular vein forming the external jugular which goes to subclavian.

51
Q

Sensory innervation of the parotid gland

A

great auricular nerve from the cervical plexus

52
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

CN IX via the lesser petrosal nerve carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers that synapse in the otic ganglion. The postganglionic fibers hitch a ride on the auriculotemporal nerve

53
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

postganglionic sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion travel to the parotid gland via the carotid plexus by branches of the external carotid artery

54
Q

5 layers of scalp

A 
Skin 
Connective tissue 
Aponeurosis 
Loose areolar tissue 
Pericranium
55
Q

Aponeurosis of scalp

A

serves as attachment for frontal, occipitalis, and temporalis

56
Q

Loose areolar tissue of scalp

A

allows movement of the first three layers of the scalp over the underlying calvaria.

57
Q

Emissary veins

A

connect the dural venous sinuses with the veins outside the cranium via the transverse foramina within the substance of the body cranium. Since blood flow is usually towards the brain, this can be a route fro spread of infection from extra cranial to intracranial venous structures.

58
Q

What is the danger area of the face?

A

Area drained by the facial vein that may allow spread of infection to the cavernous sinus via ophthalmic veins and or to the pterygoid venous plexus via deep facial veins

59
Q

What is the danger area of the scalp

A

Loose connective tissue because blood and pus can spread easily within it.

60
Q

Can infection spread from loose connective tissue to the neck?

A

No due to the attachments of occipitals muscle to the occipital bone and to mastoid portions of temporal bones

61
Q

Can infection spread from loose connective tissue laterally?

A

No because of the epicranial aponeurosis being continuous with the temporal fascia at the superior temporal line.

62
Q

Can infection from the scalp spread to the eyelids and root of the nose?

A

yes because there is not attachment of the frontalis muscle to the bone.

63
Q

Insertion of occipitofrontalis

A

epicranial aponeurosis

64
Q

origin of frontalis muscle

A

upper orbital margin

65
Q

origin of occipitalis

A

superior nuchal line

66
Q

Insertion of orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

A

skin around margin of orbit

67
Q

Origin of orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

A

medial orbital portion of frontal bone

68
Q

Origin of palpebral portion of O.O. muscle

A

lacrimal bone

69
Q

Insertion of palpebral portion of O.O. muscle

A

superior and inferior tarsal plates.

70
Q

Origin of corrugator superricilli

A

medial supraorbital margin

71
Q

Insertion of corrugator supercilli

A

epicranial aponeurosis

72
Q

origin of procerus

A

nasal bone and cartilage

73
Q

Origin of nasalis

A

nasal bone and cartilage

74
Q

origin of depressor septi nasi

A

incisive fossa of maxilla

75
Q

Origin of zygomaticus major and minor

A

zygomatic arch

76
Q

Insertion of zygomaticus major and minor

A

angle of mouth

77
Q

Origin of levator labii superioris

A

maxilla above infraorbital foramen

78
Q

Insertion of levator labii superioris

A

skin of upper lip

79
Q

Origin of buccinator muscle***

A

alveolar process of maxilla, mandible, pterygomandibular raphe

Head and Neck (7 decks)

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