root of the neck

Question 1

boundaries of root of neck

Answer 1

post- body T1, head and neck of first rib
lat- body first rib
ant- distal portion first rib, articulation of first rib w/manubrium

Question 2

mm of root of neck

Answer 2

ant, middle, and post scalene
longus capitis
longus coli

Question 3

nn of root of neck

Answer 3

sympathetic trunk
superior cervical gangla
middle cervical ganglion
vertebral ganglion 
inferior cervical ganglion
brachial plexus
X
phrenic
accessory phrenic

Question 4

viscera of root of neck

Answer 4

cupula of lung
esophagus
trachea
thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct

Question 5

vessels of root of neck

Answer 5

subclavian a and brr

subclavian, internal jugular, and brachiocephalic vv

Question 6

ant scalene

Answer 6

ant tubercles of transverse processes of CV3-6
scalene tubercle of first rib
elevated 1st rib, sidebends and rotates opposite side, bilaterally flexes VC
ventral rami spinal nn C5-7

Question 7

middle scalene

Answer 7

post tubercles of transverse processes of CV2-7
1st rib post to groove for subclavian
elevates 1st rib, sidebends and rotates cervical column, both sides acting flexes VC
ventral rami spinal nn C3-8

Question 8

post scalene

Answer 8

posterior tubercles of transverse processes CV5-7
outer surface rib 2
elevates rib 2, sidebends and rotates cervical column, bilaterally flexes VC
ventral rami from brachial plexus C7-8

Question 9

longus capitis

Answer 9

ant tubercles of transverse processes CV3-6
inf surface, basilar portion occipital bone
flexes head and neck
ventral rami C1-4

Question 10

longus colli

Answer 10

upper portion- extends from an surface of vertebral bodies above to transverse processes below
lower portion- extends from ant surfaces of vertebral bodies below to transverse processes above
connect posteriorly
flexes neck and assists in rotation, upper fibers same side, lower fibers opposite side
ventral rami C2-7

Question 11

bifurcation of brachiocephalic a

Answer 11

posterior to SC joint

Question 12

superior cervical ganglion

Answer 12

fused cervical ganglia of C1-4
located on ant surface of longus capitis m
provides all post-ganglionic sympathetics to head
therefore NO POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETICS IN HEAD

Question 13

nn from superior cervical ganglion

Answer 13

internal carotid brr into:
gray rami commincanes to spinal nn C1-4
external carotid n
pharyngeal brr -> pharyngeal plexus
superior cervical cardiac n

Question 14

caroticotympanic plexus

Answer 14

on promontory of middle ear in conjunction w/ VII and IX

Question 15

deep petrosal n

Answer 15

w/greater petrosal n forms the n of pterygoid canal
sympathetic portion passes thru pterygopalatine ganglion w/out synapsing distributes via brr of V2 to mucosa of nasal cavities, palate, and upper pharynx

Question 16

cavernous plexus

Answer 16

located on carotid siphon provides fibers to to CNIII to form sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion
fibers continue w/o synapsing course w/ short ciliary nn to eye and innervate dilator pupillae m and vessels

Question 17

external carotid n

Answer 17

forms plexus on external carotid a and its brr thereby delivering postganglionic sympathetics to vessels, salivary, oral, and labial glands, and carotid body

Question 18

pharyngeal brr

Answer 18

join pharyngeal brr of IX and X to form pharyngeal plexus which innervates mucosa and blood vessels of pharynx and larynx

Question 19

superior cervical cardiac nerve

Answer 19

descends in neck to join cardiac plexus of throax

Question 20

middle cervical ganglion

Answer 20

fused cervical ganglion of C5,6

located near inf thyroid a as it arches post to carotid sheath

Question 21

nn of middle cervical ganglion

Answer 21

gray rami C5,6
middle cervical cardiac n
ansa subclavia

Question 22

middle cervical cardiac n

Answer 22

largest of sympathetic cardiac nn to cardiac plexus

Question 23

ansa subclavia

Answer 23

fibers from middle cervical or vertebral ganglion which wrap around teh ant surface of subclavian a MEDIAL to thyrocervical trunk and X to rejoin inf cervical ganglion

Question 24

vertebral ganglion

Answer 24

located near base of vertebral a
participates w/inf cervical ganglion in providing postganglionic fibers to form vertebral plexus which courses superiorly on vertebral a
may contribute to ansa subclavia

Question 25

inferior cervical ganglion

Answer 25

represents fused ganglia of C7,8

may be fused w/first thoracic ganglion to form a cervicothoracic or stellate ganglion

Question 26

nn of inferior cervical ganglion

Answer 26

gray rami to C7-T1 and to vertebral plexus
inferior cardiac nerve to cardiac plexus
vasomotor to subclavian and inf thyroid aa via thyrocervical trunk
fibers which join recurrent laryngeal

Question 27

phrenic n

Answer 27

descends on ant surface of ant scalene m parallel to ascending cervical br of thyrocervical trunk
crossed by transverse cervical and suprascapular aa
enters thorax medial to ant scalene btwn subclavian a and v

Question 28

cupola of lung

Answer 28

extends superior to ant border of 1st rib where it is covered by parietal pleura and sibsons fascia, a thickening of prevertebral fascia on the underside of scalenes

Question 29

esophagus

Answer 29

post and to the left of the trachea at the root of the neck

Question 30

trachea

Answer 30

posterior to manubrium on midline at root of neck

Question 31

thoracic duct

Answer 31

enters root of neck btwn left border of esophagus and cervical pleura
passes behind carotid sheath
arches over cupola of left lung and enters left jugulovenous angle
along cervical course it may receive:
left jugular, transverse cervical, subclavian, and broncho-mediatinal trunks

Question 32

right lymp duct

Answer 32

composed of right subclavian and right jugular which returns lymph from right upper limb, right side of head and face, and from right half of thorax to right jugulovenous angle