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neuro exam 1 > posterior and anterior triangles > Flashcards

posterior and anterior triangles Flashcards

1
Q

posterior triangle boundaries

A 
Roof- cervical investing fasica
floor- prevertebral fasica covering scalenes, levator scapulae, splenius capitis, semispinalis
ant- posterior SCM
post- Trap
inf- clavicle
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2
Q

posterior triangle contents

A

external jugular v and tributaries
cutaneous nn of cervical plexus, lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular
XI
brachial plexus
inf belly of omohyoid
3rd portion of subclavian a,transverse cervical, suprascapular a, dorsal scapular, and occipital aa
deep cervical lymph nodes

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3
Q

XI

A

exits jugular foramen btwn internal carotid a and internal jugular v
passed post and lat to v to enter medial superior aspect of SCM innervating it
exits SCM on medial posterior surface to cross posterior triangle to trap to form subtrapezial plexus

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4
Q

subtrapezial plexus

A

XI, C3,4

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5
Q

brr of brachial plexus in neck

A 
dorsal scapular C5
accessory phrenic C5
n to subclavius C5,6
suprascapular n C5,6
long thoracic n C5,6,7
direct brr to scalenes from C5-8
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6
Q

dorsal scapular n

A

C5

passes thru middle scalene to gain ventral surface of levator scapulae to descend to rhomboids

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7
Q

accessory phrenic n

A

C5

descends to parallel phrenic n on lat surface of ant scalene

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8
Q

n to subclavius

A

from upper trunk (C5-6)

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9
Q

suprascapular n

A

arises from jnx of C5,6

thru scapular notch to innervate supra and infraspinatus

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10
Q

long thoracic n

A

C5,6,7

serratus anterior

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11
Q

occipital a

A

5th br of external carotid

passes from behind SCM at apex of posterior triangle and ascends to supply posterior scalp

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12
Q

transverse cervical and suprascapular aa

A

brr of thyrocervical trunk cross post triangle inferiorly deep to inf belly of omohyoid

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13
Q

transverse cervical a

A

eventually exits the post triangle by passing deep to trap while supplying it

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14
Q

3rd portion subclavian a

A

lat to ant scalene located in extreme ant inf extent of post triangle
passes btwn ant and middle scalenes w/brachial plexus trunks invested in prevertebral fascia (axillary sheath)

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15
Q

deep cervical nodes

A

in post triangle deep to investing fascia
accessory nodes parallel XI
transverse cervical nodes parallel transverse cervical a

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16
Q

accessory nodes

A

lymph from superficial (to investing fascia) nodes of head including
occipital nodes and retroauricular nodes

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17
Q

transverse cervical nodes

A

lymph from
post thorax under trap
accessory nodes
lateral neck
upper ant thoracic wall including mammary gland and some axillary
drain to inferior deep cervical nodes into internal jugular or subclavian

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18
Q

boundaries of ant triangle

A

roof- investing cervical fascia
floor- structural components of visceral compartment of neck
ant- line from symphysis menti to sternal notch
post- ant border of SCM
sup- inf margin of mandible

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19
Q

suprahyoid mm

A

diagastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid

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20
Q

infrahyoid mm

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

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21
Q

digastric

A

ant belly- diagastric fossa of mandible
post belly- mastoid notch of temporal bone
hyoid bone via fascial sling from intermediate tendon
elevates hyoid and base of tongue, assists in opening mouth
ant belly- mylohyoid n V3
post belly- diagastric br of VII

22
Q

stylohyoid

A

posterior base of styloid process
body of hyoid
elevates and retracts hyoid and base of tongue
digastric brr of facial

23
Q

mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line both sides of mandible
midline raphe from symphysis menti to body of hyoid
elevates hyoid and floor of mouth, when hyoid fixed depresses mandible
mylohyoid n V3

24
Q

sternohyoid

A

post surface of manubrium at SC joint, clavicle, and post SC lig
hyoid
depress hyoid and larynx
ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

25
Q

sternothyroid

A

post surface of manubrium inf to sternohyoid
oblique line of thyroid cartilage
depress larynx
ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

26
Q

thyrohyoid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage
inf margin of body and greater horn of hyoid
depress hyoid and tongue when larynx is fixed from below, elevates larynx when hyoid is fixed from above
C1 via hypoglossal n

27
Q

omohyoid

A

superior belly- inf margin greater horn of hyoid
inf belly- sup margin of scapula near notch and suprascapular lig
via fascial sling of infrahyoid fascia to clavicle and first rib
stabalizes, retracts, and depresses hyoid and larynx
ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

28
Q

thyroid gland

A

post to sternohyoid and sternothyroid mm
limited above by attachment of sternothyroid to oblique line of thyroid cartilage
extends below to 6th tracheal ring
isthmus crosses 2-4 tracheal rings
encapsulated by pretracheal fascia which attaches to cricoid via medial fascial extension
medially contacts trachea, recurrent laryngeal nn, and esophagus
limited lat by carotid sheath

29
Q

superior thyroid a

A

1st br of external carotid
courses along sup medial margin of thyroid gland
brr include
-superior larygeal
-anterior br
-post br
minor brr to strap mm, SCM, inf constrictors, and esophagus

30
Q

superior laryngeal a

A

pierces thyrohyoid membrane w/internal laryngeal n to provide brr to interior of larynx

31
Q

inferior thyroid a

A

br of thyrocervical trunk
ascends along medial border of ant scalene
passes behing carotid sheath and sympathetic trunk at level of thyroid cartilage
middle cervical ganglion rests on it
provides brr to pharynx, larynx, and esophagus before supplying post inf thyroid
anastomoses w/post brr of superior thyroid

32
Q

thryoid ima a

A

variable (10%)
unpaired br of brachiocephalic or directly from aortic arch
ascends ventral surface of trachea to gain access to thyroid isthmus
anastamos w/inf thyroid aa
problematic in surgery

33
Q

superior thyroid vv

A

drains to internal jugular vv

34
Q

middle thyroid vv

A

drain lateral surface of gland directly to internal jugular v

35
Q

inf thyroid vv

A

drain inf gland, esophagus, larynx, trachea, descend on surface of trachea to brachiocephalic vv, may fuse to form single thryoid ima v, usually draining to left brachiocephalic v

36
Q

thyroid lymph

A

interlobar lymphatics coalesce to from subcapsular plexus
from here channels ascend and descend to nodes such as
pre-laryngeal
pre-tracheal
para-tracheal
sup and inf deep cervical

37
Q

innervation of thyroid

A

preganglionic sympathetics arise from spinal cord T1-4 to ascend in symp chain synpase in sup, middle, and inf cervicothoracic ganglia

38
Q

cerviocthoracic ganglia

A

sup, middle, and inf

postganglionics leave as sympathetic cardiac nn, sup andi nf laryngeal nn

39
Q

cervical portion of trachea

A

continuation of airway below cricoid cartilage of larynx
cervical portion accounts for approximately one-half of total length
rings closed posteriorly by trachealis m

40
Q

ant to trachea

A

ishtmus of thyroid gland (rings 2-4), sternothyroid, sternohyoid, inferior thryoid v, jugulovenous arch

41
Q

lat to trachea

A

lobes of thyroid gland, carotid sheath,

42
Q

post to trachea

A

esophagus, recurrent laryngeal nn

43
Q

lymph of trachea

A

juxtavisceral nodes:

  • pretracheal
  • para-tracheal
  • inf deep cervical
44
Q

innervation of trachea

A

symp directly from symp trunk

para from vagus and recurrent laryngeal nn

45
Q

esophagus

A

extends inf from inf border of cricoid cartilage opposite 6th cervical vertebra
located in midline it inclines to the left as it descends thru neck
mm of cervical portion striated

46
Q

ant to esophagus

A

trachea, recurrent laryngeal

47
Q

lat to esophagus

A

thyroid gland, carotid sheath, thoracic duct on left

48
Q

post to esophagus

A

pre-vertebral fascia over prevertebral mm and VC

49
Q

blood supply to cervical esophagus

A

inf thyroid aa and vv

50
Q

lymph of esophagus

A

paratracheal and inf deep cervical lymph nodes

51
Q

innervation of esophagus

A

symp trunk

para from recurrent laryngeal nn

neuro exam 1 (9 decks)

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