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neuro exam 1 > embryology > Flashcards

embryology Flashcards

1
Q

neural tube

A

begins w/neural plate
later edges elevate -> neural groove
fuses -> neural tube with cranial and caudal neuropores

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2
Q

cranial neuropre

A

closed day 25

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3
Q

caudal neuropore

A

closed day 27

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4
Q

neural crest cells

A

arise from neuroectomderm as tube is closing

migrate into underlying mesoderm

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5
Q

fate of cranial neural crest cells

A

bones, cartilage, fascia, ligaments, and tendons of face and neck
sensory ganglia, autonomic ganglia

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6
Q

fate of spinal neural crest cells

A

DRGs, autonomic ganglia

heart (fibrous skeleton)

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7
Q

shared fate of cranial and spinal neural crest cells

A

meniges, schwann cells

melanocytes

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8
Q

spinal cord

A

neural tube caudal to 4th pair of somites to form spinal cord

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9
Q

layers of neural tube

A

ventricular, mantle, and marginal

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10
Q

ventricular zone in embryo

A

composed of thick pseudostratifiedd epi called neuroepithelium gives rise to all neurons and glia

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11
Q

ventricular zone adult

A

composed of simple layer of ependymal cells (except a few places in brain)

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12
Q

mantle zone

A

superficial to neuroepi
composed of neuronal cell bodies
alar and basal plates separated by sulcus limitans

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13
Q

alar plate

A

sensory, dorsal horn

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14
Q

basal plate

A

motor, ventral horn

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15
Q

marginal zone

A

outermost layer

composed of nerve processes (axons, dendrites)

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16
Q

neuroblasts

A

derived form neuroepi

from ventral motor horn neurons and dorsal sensory horn neurons

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17
Q

gliablasts

A

derived from neuroepithlium

form astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

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18
Q

spinal nn

A

ventral nerve root + dorsal nerve root
dorsal and ventral rami
dorsal root ganglia are derived from neural crest

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19
Q

vesicles

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencepalon (hindbrain)

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20
Q

prosencephalon

A

telencephalon- cerebral hemis

diencephalon- cranial most portion

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21
Q

rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

22
Q

felxures

A

cervical
cephalic
pontine

23
Q

4th ventricle

A

lumen of rhombencephalon

24
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

lumen of mesencephalon

25
Q

3rd ventricle

A

lumen of diencephalon

26
Q

lateral ventricles

A

lumen of telencephalon

27
Q

chorioid plexus

A

tela choroidea = pia mater +ependymal cells
proliferates and invaginates into ventricles
develops in roof of 3rd and 4th ventricle and med wall of lateral ventricles

28
Q

brainstem

A

mesencephalon and rhombencephalon

29
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla
pontine flexure causes dorsal portion of medulla to be placed laterally
associated w/ VIII, IX, X, XII

30
Q

metencephalon

A

pons
marginal layer forms bulk of ponss
V, VI ,VII, VIII

31
Q

cerebellum

A

from metencephalon
rhombic lips fuse forming cerebellar plate
waves of neruoblasts migrate from alar plate thru marginal layer to form outer cerebellar Cx, making gray matter external

32
Q

pontine flexure

A

due to rapid development of pons which causes folding

33
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

III and IV

34
Q

diencephalon

A

optic vessels, pineal gland, thymus, hypothalmus, pituitary gland
optic vesicles
epithalamus

35
Q

optic vessesl

A

primordium of optic n and retina

36
Q

epithalamus

A

from roofplate
contains choriod plexus
gives rise to pineal gland

37
Q

thalamus

A

from superior alar plate swelling of diencephalon
buldge into lumen of 3rd ventricle
70-80% of ppl have interthalamic adhesion

38
Q

hypothalamus

A

from inferior alar plate swelling of diencephalon

39
Q

pitiuitary

A

neurohypophysis- derived from downgrowth of diencephalon neuroectoderm
adenohypophysis- upgrowth of oral ectoderm

40
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemis and corpus striatum

41
Q

cerebral hemis

A

2 lateral diverticula of telencephalon
waves of neuroblasts migrate thru marginal zone
each new wave passes thru older layers
youngest cells most superficial
final part of fetal life forms gyri and sulci

42
Q

corpus striatum

A

swelling w/in floor of cerebral hemis

43
Q

spinal tube defects

A

spina bifida occulta

spina bifida cystic

44
Q

brain neural tube defects

A

failure to close
meroencephaly/anencephaly - no brain
craniorachischisis- closure defect extends into spinal cord
microcephaly- brain underdevelopment and small cranium

45
Q

encephalocele

A

defect in skull (often occipital bone) allowing portion of CNS to protrude thru

46
Q

meningocele

A

only meninges buldge

47
Q

menigoencephalocele

A

meninges and part of brain buldge

48
Q

meningohyrdoencephalocele

A

meniges, brain and part of ventricular system buldge

49
Q

congenital hyrdocephalus

A

increased CSF w/in ventricles resulting in imbalance btwn production and absorption of CSF
results in dilation of ventricles proximal to obstruction
b/c sutures have not yet fused skull expands
thins bones

50
Q

arnold-chiari syndrome

A

herniation of cerebellar hemis thru foramen magnum, usually due to underdevelopment of post cranial fossa
often associates w/spina bifida cystica

51
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

rare severe anomaly resulting from failure of forebrain neural tube to form cerebral hemis
lateral ventricles fuse

neuro exam 1 (9 decks)

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