Roosevelt and the First New Deal, 1933-35 (T2) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the importance of the first 100 days of Roosevelt’s presidency?

A

Set up the New Deal

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2
Q

What was set up in the first 100 days?

A
  • A lot of emergency legislation and the setting up of Alphabet Agencies.
  • Aimes at ‘recovery, relief, reform’ of the American economy.
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3
Q

What were Roosevelt’s ‘fireside chats’?

A
  • He spoke on the radio in a language the American public could understand.
  • He explained their crisis and how they could support the country.
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4
Q

What was the impact of Roosevelt’s ‘fireside chats’?

A

Helped restore confidence in banks and economy.

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5
Q

What was Roosevelt’s aim of the First New Deal?

A

To save capitalism.

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6
Q

How was there industrial recovery?

A

Economy grew by 10% a year 1933-36.

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7
Q

What was the unemployment rate?

A

Unemployment still at 14%.

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8
Q

What was the aim of alphabet agencies?

A

To help American people by creating jobs and stimulating the economy.

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9
Q

What pressure did Roosevelt get from the right?

A

Pressure from the right for Federal Government to remain laissez-faire.

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10
Q

What pressure did Roosevelt get from the left?

A

Pressure from the left to intervene much more and give direct government relief.

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11
Q

What was Roosevelt’s Brain Trust?

A

A group of close advisers to a political candidate, often academics who were prized for their expertise in particular fields.

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12
Q

Who did the Brain Trust consist of?

A

Consisted of a group of Columbia Law Professors: Moley, Tugwell and Berle.

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13
Q

What was the role of these men in Roosevelt’s Brain Trust?

A

Key role in shaping the policies of the First New Deal (1933).

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14
Q

Who was Harold Ickes?

A

Became a follower of FDR after being impressed by his progressive policies as governor of NY.

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15
Q

What did Roosevelt do with Ickes in 1933?

A

Appointed him as his Secretary of the Interior

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16
Q

What did Ickes job involve?

A

Running the PWA and over the next 6 years spent more than $5 billion on various large-scale projects.

17
Q

What was Ickes a strong supporter of?

A

Civil Rights.

18
Q

Who did Ickes work with to support civil rights?

A

Worked closely with Walter Francis White of the NAACP to establish quotas for African American workers in PWA projects.

19
Q

Who was Rexford Tugwell?

A

Distrusted business and placed his confidence in government planners who would administer the economy.

20
Q

Where was Tugwell appointed?

A

As assistant secretary to the Agriculture Department.

21
Q

What would Roosevelt consult Tugwell on?

A

About many aspects of the New Deal and helped to plan the Agricultural Adjustment Act.

22
Q

Who was Adolf Berle?

A
  • He was a child prodigy who went to Harvard University at the age of 14 to study History.
  • He was a qualified lawyer by age 21.
23
Q

What did Berle advise Roosevelt on?

A

Homeland Security

24
Q

What beliefs did Berle hold?

A
  • He was an isolationist and an American liberal.
  • He championed the cause of the poor, worked to help American Indians, and attempted to build links with the Latin American republics.
25
Q

Who was General Hugh Johnson?

A

He campaigned for a better deal for farmers during the 1920s and became involved in politics.

26
Q

What belief did Johnson have?

A

He believed that States needed to help the unemployed.

27
Q

What did General Johnson lead?

A

He led the NRA for Industrial recovery and won Time Magazine man of the year 1933 for its success.

28
Q

What was the problem with General Johnson?

A
  • He was sacked in 1934 after whipping up trouble between union strikers and right wing groups.
  • His reputation as a drunk and controversial figure.
29
Q

Who was Harry Hopkins?

A

Became not only Roosevelt’s relief administrator but his general assistant as no one had been able to be.

30
Q

How Hopkins influence Roosevelt?

A

Roosevelt was greatly enriched by Hopkins knowledge, ability, and humane attitude toward all facets of life.

31
Q

What did Hopkins work for?

A
  • Federal Emergency Relief Administration (1933-35),
  • led the CWA
  • Works Projects Administration (1935-38).