Rome and the Rise of Christianity

Question 1

Imperialism

Answer 1

establishing control over foreign lands and people

Question 2

latifundia

Answer 2

Huge Farming estates bought up by wealthy families

Question 3

Tiberius Gracchus

Answer 3

Tribune called on the state to distribute land to poor farmers

Question 4

Gaius Gracchus

Answer 4

tribune elected in 123 B.C.; sought to use public funds to buy grain to feed the poor

Question 5

Julius Caesar

Answer 5

military commander who ruled Rome as absolute dictator from 48 B.C. to 44 B.C.; began many reforms before being murdered

Question 6

Augustus

Answer 6

title meaning “exalted one”; given to Octavian, who became the first Roman emperor

Question 7

Census

Answer 7

Population count

Question 8

Hadrian

Answer 8

emperor who codified Roman law in all the provinces and built a wall across Britain to hold back attackers

Question 9

Etruscans

Answer 9

the civilization that ruled northern Italy prior to the Romans

Question 10

Republic

Answer 10

a form of government in which the people choose officials who make laws

Question 11

Patrician

Answer 11

a member of the landed upper class that controlled positions in the Roman Senate

Question 12

Consul

Answer 12

one of two patricians selected each term to supervise the business of government and command the armies

Question 13

Dictator

Answer 13

A ruler who has complete control over the government

Question 14

Plebian

Answer 14

a member of the class of farmers, merchants, and artisans that made up most of the population of Rome

Question 15

Tribune of the Plebs

Answer 15

an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

Question 16

Veto

Answer 16

the ability of tribunes to block a law they found harmful to plebeians

Question 17

Legion

Answer 17

the basic Roman military unit of 5,000 men

Question 18

Virgil

Answer 18

Poet who wrote the epic poem The Aeneid

Question 19

Satirize

Answer 19

To make fun of

Question 20

Mosaic

Answer 20

picture made from chips of colored stone or glass

Question 21

Engineering

Answer 21

the application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines

Question 22

Aqueduct

Answer 22

stone structure that carried water from the hills to the cities

Question 23

Ptolemy

Answer 23

astronomer-mathematician who proposed a theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe

Question 24

Messiah

Answer 24

Savior sent by God

Question 25

Apostle

Answer 25

leader or teacher of a new faith, including the 12 disciples of Jesus

Question 26

Paul

Answer 26

most influential of the apostles in spreading Christianity

Question 27

Martyr

Answer 27

person who suffers or is killed for his or her beliefs

Question 28

Constantine

Answer 28

Emperor who issued the Edict of Milan, granting freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire

Question 29

Clergy

Answer 29

people who were allowed to conduct Christian services

Question 30

Bishop

Answer 30

high Church official responsible for everyone in his diocese

Question 31

Patriarch

Answer 31

bishop of one of the most important cities, who exercised authority over other bishops in his area

Question 32

Pope

Answer 32

bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops

Question 33

Heresy

Answer 33

belief contrary to official Church teaching

Question 34

Augustine

Answer 34

leading early Church scholar who combined Christian doctrine with Greco-Roman learning

Question 35

Mercenary

Answer 35

a foreign soldier who served for pay rather than out of loyalty

Question 36

Diocletian

Answer 36

emperor who split the Roman empire in two parts in an attempt to restore order

Question 37

Inflation

Answer 37

A rapid rise in prices

Question 38

Constantinople

Answer 38

Constantine’s “New Rome,” which became the center of power for the Eastern empire

Question 39

Huns

Answer 39

nomadic people from central Asia who set off a chain of invasions of the Roman empire