Rise of Europe Flashcards
Medieval
relating to the culture of Europe during the Middle Ages
Franks
a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s
Clovis
king of the Franks who established a kingdom in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman empire
Charles Martel
a Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France
Battle of Tours
a battle in which Christians stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe
Charlemagne
the grandson of Charles Martel; he briefly united Western Europe when he built an empire stretching across France and Germany
Magyars
nomadic people who overran Eastern Europe and parts of Western Europe after A.D. 900
Vikings
farmers and expert sailors from Scandinavia who raided European river towns starting in the late 700s
Feudalism
a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords
Vassal
a lesser lord in the system of feudalism
feudal contract
an exchange of pledges that created the political and economic relationship between lords and vassals
fief
an estate
knight
a mounted warrior
tournament
A mock battle fought by knights
Chivalry
a code of conduct adopted by knights which required them to be brave, loyal, and true to their word
troubadour
a wandering musician
manor
a lord’s estate
serf
peasant on a manor
sacrament
a sacred right of the church
Benedictine Rule
regulations for monastic life created by a monk named Benedict and used by monasteries and convents across Europe
secular
nonreligious; having to do with the worldly, rather than the religious
papal supremacy
authority of the pope over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors
canon law
the body of laws developed by the Church
excommunication
the penalty of forbidding someone from receiving the sacraments or a Christian burial
