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World History > Macgruder Chapter 10+12 > Flashcards

Macgruder Chapter 10+12 Flashcards

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1
Q

bicameral

A

an adjective describing a legislative body composed of two chambers

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2
Q

term

A

two year period of time during which congress meets

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3
Q

session

A

period of time during which, each year, Congress assembles and conducts business

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4
Q

conveve

A

to begin a new session of Congress

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5
Q

adjourn

A

suspend, as in a session of congress

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6
Q

recess

A

a time when both houses of Congress temporarily suspend business

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7
Q

prorogue

A

adjourn, as in a legislative session

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8
Q

special session

A

an extraordinary session of a legislative body, called to deal with an emergency situation

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9
Q

apportion

A

distribute, as in seats in a legislative body

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10
Q

reapportion

A

redistribute seats in a legislative body every ten years

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11
Q

off-year elections

A

congressional election that occurs between presidential election years

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12
Q

single-member district

A

electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office

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13
Q

at-large election

A

election of an officeholder by the voters of an entire government unit (state or country) rather than the voters of a district or subdivision

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14
Q

gerrymandering

A

drawing electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group

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15
Q

incumbent

A

current office holder

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16
Q

continuous body

A

governing unit (US senate) whose seats are never all up for election at the same time

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17
Q

constituency

A

the people and interests than an elected official represents

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18
Q

delegate

A

representatives, members of congress who cast votes based on the wishes of their constituents

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19
Q

Trustees

A

law maker who votes based on his or her conscience and judgement, not the views of his or her constituents

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20
Q

Partisan

A

law maker who owes their 1st allegiance to political party and votes according to party laws

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21
Q

politico

A

law maker who attempts to balance basic elements of trustee, delegate, and partisan roles

22
Q

bill

A

proposed law presented to a legislative body for consideration

23
Q

floor consideration

A

the process by which proposed laws are considered and acted upon by the full membership of the house or senate

24
Q

oversight function

A

review by legislative committees of the policies and programs of the executive branch

25
Q

franking privlege

A

benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free

26
Q

speaker of the house

A

presiding officer of the House of Representatives, chosen by and from majority party in House

27
Q

President of the senate

A

the presiding officer of a senate; in congress; the vice president of the united states; in a State’s legislature, either the lieutenant governor or a senator

28
Q

President Pro Tempore

A

member of US senate chosen to preside in absence of president of the senate

29
Q

party caucus

A

closed meeting of a party’s House or Senate members; also called party conference

30
Q

floor leaders

A

members of the house and senate picked by their parties to carry out party decisions and steer legislation action to meet party goals

31
Q

majority leader

A

floor leader of the party that holds the majority of seats in each house of congress

32
Q

minority leader

A

floor leader of the party that holds the minority of seats in each house of congress

33
Q

whips

A

assistants to the floor leaders in the House and Senate, responsible for monitoring and marshaling votes

34
Q

committee chairmen

A

member who heads a standing committee in a legislative body

35
Q

seniority rule

A

unwritten rule in both houses of congress, reserves top posts in each chamber for members with longest record of service

36
Q

standing committee

A

permanent committee in a legislative body to which bills in a specified subject-matter area are referred

37
Q

subcommittee

A

division of existing committee that is formed to address specific issues

38
Q

select committee

A

legislative committee created for a limited time and for a specific purpose

39
Q

joint committee

A

legislative committee composed of members of both houses

40
Q

conference committee

A

temporary join committee created to reconcile any differences between the two housess’ versions of a bill

41
Q

joint resolution

A

proposal for action that has the force of law when passed

42
Q

concurrent resolution

A

statement of position on an issue used by the House and Senate acting jointly; does not have force of law, does not require Presidential signiture

43
Q

resolution

A

a measure relating to the business of either house, or expressing an opinion; doesn’t have force of law, doesn’t require president signiture

44
Q

rider

A

unpopular provision added to an important bill certain to pass so it will ride through the legislative process

45
Q

pigeonholed

A

expression describing how most bills introduced in congress are put away, never to be acting upon

46
Q

discharge petition

A

procedure enabling members to force a pigeonholed bill onto the floor for consideration

47
Q

quorum

A

least number of members who must be present for a legislative body to conduct business

48
Q

engross

A

print a bill in its final form

49
Q

filibuster

A

various tactics (usually long speeches) aimed at defeating a bill in a legislative body by preventing a final vote

50
Q

cloture

A

procedure that may be used to limit or end floor debate in legislative body

51
Q

veto

A

chief executive power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

52
Q

pocket veto

A

type of veto a chief executive may use after a legislative body has adjourned, when chief executive does not sign or reject a bill within the allotted time period

World History (4 decks)

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