Rome

Question 1

What was the Euboean Alphabet?

Answer 1

Used in Naples, where Greeks imported their alphabet

Question 2

What was the Etruscan alphabet

Answer 2

These people adopted and used the Euboea alphabet in their own kind of way

Question 3

What civilization was in the Northern part of Italy?

Answer 3

The Etruscans

Question 4

What civilization in the Southern part of Italy?

Answer 4

Magna Graecia was colonized by Greeks and culture was brought there.

Question 5

How was Magna Graecia’s polis’?

Answer 5

Their polis reflected Greek architecture of Greek culture and had many columns.

Question 6

What government did Rome have?

Answer 6

They experimented with different forms of representational rule, establishing their own form of government.

Question 7

What was the name of the government they created?

Answer 7

“Respublica” aka “republic” (mixed government)

Question 8

How many elements did the government have?

Answer 8

Three elements

Question 9

What were the three elements on Roman government

Answer 9

1. Consuls
2. Senators
3. Citizen assembly

Question 10

What was the settlement in Rome?

Answer 10

it was built on seven hills, compared to a greek polis

Question 11

What was the original monarchy?

Answer 11

7 kings

Question 12

Who wrote about the mixed government in Rome?

Answer 12

Polubius’ Roman constitution

Question 13

What were the consuls?

Answer 13

It was the monarchy element of the greek government. the executive branch, consisted of two people. They were the head of the military, they are the commanders in chief, their duties are to meet with delegates and meet with assemblies.

Question 14

What was Power of Imperium?

Answer 14

the power to command soldiers in the field and the power to sentence people to executions (life and death)

Question 15

What were the senators?

Answer 15

It was the aristocracy element of the greek government. It was the legislative branch, “upper house.” they were in control of state finances holding power of taxation for public services; facilities and infrastructures. Also they serve as a court for treason/murder crimes. Crimes against the state

Question 16

What were the citizen assembly?

Answer 16

It was the democracy element in the greek government. They serve as a court and a jury for all other crimes, provide military services and the power to vote

Question 17

What were the tribunes?

Answer 17

They were created to protect the interests of the people. They are able to have unlimited veto. They were protected by the government, people aren’t allowed to kill tribunes or else they themselves would be killed.

Question 18

Why did Polybius think mixed government was ideal?

Answer 18

Because of checks and balances, it prevented one form of government to overpower and they all keep each other in check.

Question 19

What was the populares?

Answer 19

More “liberal” faction. Power should lay in the public and its representative bodies

Question 20

What was the optimates?

Answer 20

More “conservative” faction. Power should lay in the senate and traditional offices

Question 21

What happened with Pompey Magnus and Julius Caesar?

Answer 21

Caesar supported the populares and Magnus supported the optimates. They had disagreements, went to civil war with each other, Pompey dies and Caesar is victorious. Caesar becomes the strongest individual in the empire

Question 22

How to become a dictator at this time?

Answer 22

During times of emergency the senate can vote to give one person unlimited power for six months

Question 23

How did Caesar declare himself as dictator?

Answer 23

Caesar goes to Rome and forced the senate to make him a dictator.

Question 24

How did Caesar die?

Answer 24

Caesar declared himself dictator, essentially made himself a monarch. Senators conspired to assassinate him each person in senate stabbed him 22 times.

Question 25

Who is Octavian?

Answer 25

Octavian is the adopted son of Caesar. He got all of Caesars money and command of Caesar’s army.

Question 26

Who was Antonius?

Answer 26

He was a general for Caesar.

Question 27

What happened with Octavian and Antonius?

Answer 27

Antonius and Octavian go to war with each other. Octavian wins and becomes the sole greatest in the empire. Octavian has command of all soldiers and ruler of empire.

Question 28

What happened with Octavian when he become sole ruler of the empire?

Answer 28

He gets consul and tribune to vote for him every year to give him power of imperium and tribune called “Princeps” i.e. first person.

Question 29

Whats “Res Gestae Divi Augusti?”

Answer 29

Octavian claimed he restored government and the people chose him to rule through votes. He’s providing the illusion republic government is ruling with consent of people but his military is keeping him in office.

Question 30

What was the “Aeneid?”

Answer 30

It was the greek version of the Iliad. Aeneas goes to the underworld to find out the future of himself and his future ancestors.

Question 31

Whats priceps’ mean?

Answer 31

First citizen

Question 32

What are the components that Rome has?

Answer 32

Temples, baths/gyms, libraries, acquaducts, roads that connect Rome to the rest of the empire, Amphitheatre (like Colosseum), circus Maximus, and theatres

Question 33

What was euergetism?

Answer 33

Means civic benefaction. Wealthy individuals providing donations/contributions

Question 34

What was the local government most responsible for?

Answer 34

Collecting taxes

Question 35

Who are the people that are responsible for collecting taxes?

Answer 35

Curia

Question 36

Who are tax farmers?

Answer 36

Citizens that go around and collect taxes from other citizens. It was a way to become wealthy.