Rome Flashcards
Where did the Etruscan society emerge?
The Italian peninsula in Etruria (modern day Tuscany)
Who controlled most of the Italian peninsula?
The Etruscans
Where did the Latins settle while being under control of the Etruscans
In present day Rome, along the Tiber river.
What did Etruscan artists use for their sculptures
Terracotta
In what century did the Romans begin to expand, and at th expense of whom?
4th Century
The Etruscans
In what century do the Romans dominate the Etruscan lands?
3rd century
What is some of the only evidence of Etruscan architecture left?
Underground tombs with kitchens
Who is the hero that carries his father from a burning Troy after the Greeks attack. What is the fathers name
Aeneas
Anchises
What city did the son of Aeneas found
Alba longa
Who wrote an epic poem about Aeneas, and what was it called
Virgil
The Aeneid
Who were the parents of Romulus and Remus
Rhea Silvia and the god Mars
Who raised Romulus and Remus
First a shewolf and the shepherds
Who was the last king of Rome
Tarquinius Superbus
Who founded the city of Rome
Romulus
Who was romes primary enemy
Carthage
How did Remus die
Romulus killed him after disputing the city they should build
First King of Rome
Romulus
AB URBE CONDITA
Founding of the city (Rome)
Stated that anyone who committed a crime would be held in a prison
Writ of asylum
What road was founded under the rule of Ancus Martius
Via Salaria (salt road). Salt was a tremendous source of revenue
Who established a census and placed people in classes based on their economic standing
Servius tullius
What symbol did servius tullius establish in Rome
Rome the fasces
What was the fasces
A bundle of sticks held together with an axe protruding
What did the fasces represent
Rome is a steel axe, and the people were the sticks that held the axe together
What did SPQR stand for
The Senate and People of Rome
What does caput mean
At the top of
Where was the temple of Jupiter capitolinus located
Capitoline Hill
What is the cloaca maxima
One of the worlds earliest sewage systems
Sarcophagus of Cerveteri
Etruscan Terracotta 520 BC Archaic Smile Ashes buried inside Familial Union
Apollo from Veii
Etruscan
Archaic smile
500 BC
Purposeful movement
Shewolf Sculpture
Romulus and Remus suckling from shewolf
Etruscan
Romulus and Remus added at a later time
How many tribunes do the plebeians elect
Two
What do the two plebeian tribunes do
Protect the rights of the plebes (lower class)
Battle of Cumae
Decisive defeat of the Etruscans
Who fought in the battle of Cumae
The Etruscans vs the navies of Syracuse and Cumae
What happened after the Etruscans lost the battle of Cumae
The Romans took over some territory of the Etruscans
Where were the three men in commission sent
To Athens
For what were the three men in commission sent to Athens for
Study the laws of Solon
What was the decemviri
10 men (including the 3 from commission) run the state for a year
What were the 12 tablets
The Romans first attempt of creating laws
What are praetors
Judges
What was the Domitian centuriata
Assembly of the people divided into hundreds
What were the centuries based on
Economic status
How was the voting for the centuries
One century one vote
After a majority was ruled, the voting ended
Between who were the Punic wars
The Romans and Carthage
Who won the Punic wars?
Rome
What did the consul Marius do?
Changed Roman law to allow anybody join the Roman army, not just property owners
Why did Marius change the Roman law
Rome was invaded by barbarians and needed more soldiers
To whom do the soldiers become loyal to
Their commanders
What was the consociational war in Italy
Minorities wanted citizenship but didn’t get it so they went to war
What else was the social war called
War of partners
Who led the revolt of slaves in Italy
Spartacus
What happened to the slaves that were caught revolting
They were crucified
When farmers had to sell land and move to the city for money
Client alien
Who was in the first triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crassus
Who did Caesar defeat when he went to war
The Gauls (France)
Who was Crassus made consul of
Syria
Who was Pompey made consul of
Spain
Where was Caesar killed and by whom
In the senate chamber
By Brutus
Who was in the second triumvirate
Octavian (great nephew of Caesar)
Mark Antony (Caesars master of horse)
Lepidus (governor of transalpine Gaul, allied with Antony)
Who does Marc Antony marry
Octavians sister
What happened between Marc Antony and Octavian
They both like cleopatra
What was the naval battle of actium
Marc Antony vs. Octavian
What’s the result and after math of the naval battle of actium
Octavian wins (changes name to Augustus Caesar) Marc Antony and cleopatra commit suicide
Augustus of prima porta
Marble
Copy of bronze original
Vatican museum
Cult statue
Goddess Venus
Lifted leg and no sandals means he is dead
Young Augustus
Descendent of the IULLI (seen by god Cupid riding dolphin on leg)
Lifted hand means he was an orator
Imperial portraiture for political propaganda
Pragmatic means
Practical
Eclectic means
Taking something and modifying it
What did Roman architecture rely on
Arches
Barrel vaulting
What was the new Roman building material in the 2nd century BC
Cast concrete (sand, powdered lime, small rocks, water)
What was the aim of building
Satisfy the needs of the people
What is the point du gard
A bridge and aqueduct
What were republican sculpture a copy of
Greek originals
The ara pacis
Altar of Augustan peace
Augustus celebrated his return to Rome after the civil war and the peace afterwards
The feet of people on the frieze jut out to make it look more realistic
Villa of mysteries
Fresco
What happens with the rebellion against Nero
Nero is betrayed and commits suicide, and Galba becomes emperor
Who kills Galba
Otho and a group of other soldiers
What leads to otho’s death and how does he die
Vitellius defeats Otho and his army during the civil war
Otho commits suicide in order to stop further bloodshed
Who became emperor after Vitellius and how
Flavian Vespasian
Vitellius was killed
What was constructed under the rule of flavius
The colosseum
What was the colosseum called
Flavian amphitheater
When was the colosseum finished being built
Under the reign of Titus
How many people did the colosseum fit
50,000
What covered the entire colosseum
A veneer of marble
Why was the arch of Titus built
Built to celebrate Titus defeating the Jews
What’s a fresco
A painting merged with plaster
Who was Virgil
An ancient Roman poet
Most significant characteristic of Roman architecture
The arch
Who was livy
A historian who wrote about the history of Rome
What was the circus
A place for entertainment
Not like modern circuses
Including things such as chariot racing
What does diaspora mean
The dispersion of people from their homeland
Where is the sarcophagus of Cerveteri located presently?
Museo nazionale di villa giulia, Rome
Where is the Augustus of primaporta located and what is it made of
The Vatican museum
White marble
Where is the ara pacis Augustae located and made of what
The ara pacis museum
Marble
What is the villa of mysteries made of and where is it located
It’s a fresco
Naples, Italy
Where is the Apollo from Veii located and what’s it made of
National Etruscan Museum, Rome
Terracotta
What book did Livy write
Ab URBE condita libri
3 key elements
Consoles
Tribunes
Plebeians
Formula for disaster
Diaspora
Second battle of Cremona
Why were the Romans considered to be pragmatic and electric
Writes more pragmatic
Artists eclectic
When did the Etruscan society emerge?
7th century BC
