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Rome Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did the Etruscan society emerge?

A

The Italian peninsula in Etruria (modern day Tuscany)

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2
Q

Who controlled most of the Italian peninsula?

A

The Etruscans

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3
Q

Where did the Latins settle while being under control of the Etruscans

A

In present day Rome, along the Tiber river.

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4
Q

What did Etruscan artists use for their sculptures

A

Terracotta

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5
Q

In what century did the Romans begin to expand, and at th expense of whom?

A

4th Century

The Etruscans

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6
Q

In what century do the Romans dominate the Etruscan lands?

A

3rd century

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7
Q

What is some of the only evidence of Etruscan architecture left?

A

Underground tombs with kitchens

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8
Q

Who is the hero that carries his father from a burning Troy after the Greeks attack. What is the fathers name

A

Aeneas

Anchises

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9
Q

What city did the son of Aeneas found

A

Alba longa

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10
Q

Who wrote an epic poem about Aeneas, and what was it called

A

Virgil

The Aeneid

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11
Q

Who were the parents of Romulus and Remus

A

Rhea Silvia and the god Mars

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12
Q

Who raised Romulus and Remus

A

First a shewolf and the shepherds

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13
Q

Who was the last king of Rome

A

Tarquinius Superbus

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14
Q

Who founded the city of Rome

A

Romulus

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15
Q

Who was romes primary enemy

A

Carthage

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16
Q

How did Remus die

A

Romulus killed him after disputing the city they should build

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17
Q

First King of Rome

A

Romulus

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18
Q

AB URBE CONDITA

A

Founding of the city (Rome)

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19
Q

Stated that anyone who committed a crime would be held in a prison

A

Writ of asylum

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20
Q

What road was founded under the rule of Ancus Martius

A

Via Salaria (salt road). Salt was a tremendous source of revenue

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21
Q

Who established a census and placed people in classes based on their economic standing

A

Servius tullius

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22
Q

What symbol did servius tullius establish in Rome

A

Rome the fasces

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23
Q

What was the fasces

A

A bundle of sticks held together with an axe protruding

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24
Q

What did the fasces represent

A

Rome is a steel axe, and the people were the sticks that held the axe together

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25
Q

What did SPQR stand for

A

The Senate and People of Rome

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26
Q

What does caput mean

A

At the top of

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27
Q

Where was the temple of Jupiter capitolinus located

A

Capitoline Hill

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28
Q

What is the cloaca maxima

A

One of the worlds earliest sewage systems

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29
Q

Sarcophagus of Cerveteri

A 
Etruscan
Terracotta
520 BC
Archaic Smile
Ashes buried inside 
Familial Union
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30
Q

Apollo from Veii

A

Etruscan
Archaic smile
500 BC
Purposeful movement

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31
Q

Shewolf Sculpture

A

Romulus and Remus suckling from shewolf
Etruscan
Romulus and Remus added at a later time

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32
Q

How many tribunes do the plebeians elect

A

Two

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33
Q

What do the two plebeian tribunes do

A

Protect the rights of the plebes (lower class)

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34
Q

Battle of Cumae

A

Decisive defeat of the Etruscans

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35
Q

Who fought in the battle of Cumae

A

The Etruscans vs the navies of Syracuse and Cumae

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36
Q

What happened after the Etruscans lost the battle of Cumae

A

The Romans took over some territory of the Etruscans

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37
Q

Where were the three men in commission sent

A

To Athens

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38
Q

For what were the three men in commission sent to Athens for

A

Study the laws of Solon

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39
Q

What was the decemviri

A

10 men (including the 3 from commission) run the state for a year

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40
Q

What were the 12 tablets

A

The Romans first attempt of creating laws

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41
Q

What are praetors

A

Judges

42
Q

What was the Domitian centuriata

A

Assembly of the people divided into hundreds

43
Q

What were the centuries based on

A

Economic status

44
Q

How was the voting for the centuries

A

One century one vote

After a majority was ruled, the voting ended

45
Q

Between who were the Punic wars

A

The Romans and Carthage

46
Q

Who won the Punic wars?

A

Rome

47
Q

What did the consul Marius do?

A

Changed Roman law to allow anybody join the Roman army, not just property owners

48
Q

Why did Marius change the Roman law

A

Rome was invaded by barbarians and needed more soldiers

49
Q

To whom do the soldiers become loyal to

A

Their commanders

50
Q

What was the consociational war in Italy

A

Minorities wanted citizenship but didn’t get it so they went to war

51
Q

What else was the social war called

A

War of partners

52
Q

Who led the revolt of slaves in Italy

A

Spartacus

53
Q

What happened to the slaves that were caught revolting

A

They were crucified

54
Q

When farmers had to sell land and move to the city for money

A

Client alien

55
Q

Who was in the first triumvirate

A

Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crassus

56
Q

Who did Caesar defeat when he went to war

A

The Gauls (France)

57
Q

Who was Crassus made consul of

A

Syria

58
Q

Who was Pompey made consul of

A

Spain

59
Q

Where was Caesar killed and by whom

A

In the senate chamber

By Brutus

60
Q

Who was in the second triumvirate

A

Octavian (great nephew of Caesar)
Mark Antony (Caesars master of horse)
Lepidus (governor of transalpine Gaul, allied with Antony)

61
Q

Who does Marc Antony marry

A

Octavians sister

62
Q

What happened between Marc Antony and Octavian

A

They both like cleopatra

63
Q

What was the naval battle of actium

A

Marc Antony vs. Octavian

64
Q

What’s the result and after math of the naval battle of actium

A 
Octavian wins (changes name to Augustus Caesar)
Marc Antony and cleopatra commit suicide
65
Q

Augustus of prima porta

A

Marble
Copy of bronze original
Vatican museum
Cult statue
Goddess Venus
Lifted leg and no sandals means he is dead
Young Augustus
Descendent of the IULLI (seen by god Cupid riding dolphin on leg)
Lifted hand means he was an orator
Imperial portraiture for political propaganda

66
Q

Pragmatic means

A

Practical

67
Q

Eclectic means

A

Taking something and modifying it

68
Q

What did Roman architecture rely on

A

Arches

Barrel vaulting

69
Q

What was the new Roman building material in the 2nd century BC

A

Cast concrete (sand, powdered lime, small rocks, water)

70
Q

What was the aim of building

A

Satisfy the needs of the people

71
Q

What is the point du gard

A

A bridge and aqueduct

72
Q

What were republican sculpture a copy of

A

Greek originals

73
Q

The ara pacis

A

Altar of Augustan peace
Augustus celebrated his return to Rome after the civil war and the peace afterwards
The feet of people on the frieze jut out to make it look more realistic

74
Q

Villa of mysteries

A

Fresco

75
Q

What happens with the rebellion against Nero

A

Nero is betrayed and commits suicide, and Galba becomes emperor

76
Q

Who kills Galba

A

Otho and a group of other soldiers

77
Q

What leads to otho’s death and how does he die

A

Vitellius defeats Otho and his army during the civil war

Otho commits suicide in order to stop further bloodshed

78
Q

Who became emperor after Vitellius and how

A

Flavian Vespasian

Vitellius was killed

79
Q

What was constructed under the rule of flavius

A

The colosseum

80
Q

What was the colosseum called

A

Flavian amphitheater

81
Q

When was the colosseum finished being built

A

Under the reign of Titus

82
Q

How many people did the colosseum fit

A

50,000

83
Q

What covered the entire colosseum

A

A veneer of marble

84
Q

Why was the arch of Titus built

A

Built to celebrate Titus defeating the Jews

85
Q

What’s a fresco

A

A painting merged with plaster

86
Q

Who was Virgil

A

An ancient Roman poet

87
Q

Most significant characteristic of Roman architecture

A

The arch

88
Q

Who was livy

A

A historian who wrote about the history of Rome

89
Q

What was the circus

A

A place for entertainment
Not like modern circuses
Including things such as chariot racing

90
Q

What does diaspora mean

A

The dispersion of people from their homeland

91
Q

Where is the sarcophagus of Cerveteri located presently?

A

Museo nazionale di villa giulia, Rome

92
Q

Where is the Augustus of primaporta located and what is it made of

A

The Vatican museum

White marble

93
Q

Where is the ara pacis Augustae located and made of what

A

The ara pacis museum

Marble

94
Q

What is the villa of mysteries made of and where is it located

A

It’s a fresco

Naples, Italy

95
Q

Where is the Apollo from Veii located and what’s it made of

A

National Etruscan Museum, Rome

Terracotta

96
Q

What book did Livy write

A

Ab URBE condita libri

97
Q

3 key elements

A

Consoles
Tribunes
Plebeians

98
Q

Formula for disaster

A

Diaspora

Second battle of Cremona

99
Q

Why were the Romans considered to be pragmatic and electric

A

Writes more pragmatic

Artists eclectic

100
Q

When did the Etruscan society emerge?

A

7th century BC

Art History (13 decks)

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