Egypt Flashcards
Upper Egypt was the ________ part
Lower Egypt was the ________ part
Southern
Northern
What did the Egyptians depend on
The Nile
What was the pharaoh
The ruler of two lands (upper and lower Egypt)
Did they believe in the afterlife
Yes
Anthropomorphic-
Zoomorphic-
Theriomorphic-
God represented in human form
God represented as animals
God represented as both
Atun
Anthropomorphic God of Heliopolis
Triad of Heliopolis and give a small description
Isis-husband (anthropomorphic)
Osiris-lord of the dead (anthropomorphic)
Horus-national God (theriomorphic)
Triad of Thebes and give a short description
Amun-eventually amun-ra (anthropomorphic)
Thoth-scribes of the gods (ibis headed) (anthropomorphic)
Anubis-in charge of mummification (theriomorphic)
Palette of Narmer
Slate slab
Low relief
Narmer with the white crown of upper Egypt performing a ritual
Side one is upper Egypt
Side two is lower Egypt (depicts red crown of lower Egypt)
3000 BC
Sets standard for depiction of humans for thousands of years (lower and upper body do not unite)
Rosetta Stone
3 languages
Hieroglyphs
Greek
Demotic- equivalent to long hand; faster
Worked out by Champollion
What is art in Egypt involved with
Death
What was believed about the spiritual world
Kyle could take material possessions to the spiritual world
A body was needed after death to survive
Preservation of the bodies (mummies)
Secure burial places
Mastaba
Underground pit
Protected the buried
Veneer
Exterior facing
Outside cover
Djosers funerary complex
First known monumental architecture in Egypt
Built by imhotep (first known architect by name)
Papyrus capital represented ________ Egypt
Upper
Lotus capital represented __________ Egypt
Lower
Khufu
The great pyramid father
Khafre
Limestone casing
Sphinx located in the valley of khafre
Menkaure
Smallest grandson
Pyramid
Statue of menkaure and his wife
Cubic (carved out of a cube) Medium- graywacke Queen shows tenderness(rare) Menkaure has action pose Pharaoh is son of the sun, therefore not human, and shows no emotion
Obelisk
Example: Washington monument
Capital (column)
Top part of a column
Clerestory
Clarity in between the large ceiling and small opening
Allows for air and light to pass, as well as smoke to leave due to torches
Ruler of Thebes
Ahmos
Created thebes
Considered golden time of Egypt
Hatshepsut
First female pharaoh and king
First woman ruler of mankind
Portrayed as a man
Funerary temple of Hatshepsut at dear-el-bahir
Architect: senenmut
All elements symmetrical along a central line
Axial plan
All elements are symmetrical along a dominant central line
Tombs of Ramses II
One for him
Other for his favorite wife Nefertari
Amenhotep III
Ramses II father
Best preserved mummy
Dynasty of amenhotep
Considered the best dynasty
Best warriors in Egypt
God of Memphis
Ta
Amenhotep IV
Ruler of upper and lower Egypt
Son of the son
One God that manifests on the disk of the sun named the aten
Changes his name to Akhenaten - servant of aten
Father of Tutankhamen
Changed capital to aket aten
After he dies, everything was wiped out and old religious ways resume
What did the Egyptians call themselves
Q’emi
Ma’at
Feather of truth
Tomb of Tutankhamen
Discovered by Howard carter in 1922
240 pounds of solid gold sarcophagus(outer covering)
The book of coming forth by day
Heart is the seed to the soul
Heart of a dead person is weighed to the father of truth (ma’at)
Written in demotic
Thoth
God of the scribe
Taught humans how to write
The negative confession
Last step
The deceased recites to pass the balance
In which dynasty were the 3 great pyramids made
4th dynasty
Pyramids of djoser located in ?
Saqqarah
Faience
A type of pottery
Champollion
Deciphered hieroglyphs
Hall of bulls
Lascaux, France
20,000 BC
Earliest examples of cave paintings
Created with the light of torches
Bird headed man
Paleolithic (30,000-9,000 BC) Man with bird mask on Staff with bird on it Bison cut bowels pouring out Bison dead Dying=dead
Stonehenge
Located in England
Henge- circle of upright stones
Megalith- big rocks
Menhirs- vertical megalith
Skara brae
Stone built Neolithic settlement
Lady of brassempouy
Ivory figurine
Upper Paleolithic period
Discovered in brassempouy, France
First well detailed Venus involving face
Lyre with bull head
Wood, lapis lazuli, gold
Stele of Hammurabi
Code given to Hammurabi by the God shamash to set laws for the people
Shamash is bigger than Hammurabi even while sitting
Code contains 282 laws
Standard of ur
King is in the top level in the center
He is bigger than the rest of the people
Guards are behind him protecting him with spears
The social class gets poorer as the levels go down
Found in the city of ur
2500 BC
Gate of Ishtar
Eight gate to inner city of Babylon
Constructed by order of Nebuchadnezzar II
Animals on the brick walls around the gate represented the goddess Ishtar
Pyramidion
Uppermost part of a pyramid or obelisk
Queen tiy
Wife of amenhotep III
Mother of Akhenaten
Grandmother of Tutankhamen
Mask of Tutankhamen
Gold mask
Wore when he died
Believed that it was out with a magic spell
Used so that he is recognized in the afterlife and will be able to resurrect
How is Stonehenge considered a more modern architecture than the pyramids of Giza
First of all, the pyramids are 500 years older than stone hedge. That already makes it more modern, though a small amount more modern, because it is closer to our present than the pyramids. Another reason is because of the architecture. Stonhenge is made of an architecture style called post and lintel. This architectural style is still extremely common now for buildings and other architectural monuments such as stonhenge, and can be used to construct buildings in a strong way so they don’t fall. Pyramids on the other hand aren’t used or made as much nowadays.
Traces of paint on sphinx how affect our perception
They were more creative
Created a type of paint that was able to last through tough conditions
More creative
Egyptian tombs were not to be entered. How should the works of art be perceived.
The works of art were not meant to be seen by any one after the person was buried. People who entered at a later time will not understand some of the paintings or the reasoning behind them because they don’t have the same meaning to them. The art should have only been perceived back then by those who were supposed to, instead of a contemporary viewer
