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Art History > Greece Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Greece Pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 parts of oresteia

A

Agamemnon
Choephori
Eumenides

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2
Q

What are choephoris

A

Sermon priestesses

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3
Q

What did Aeschylus introduce with the number of actors

A

2 actors would speak instead of one

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4
Q

Ekkyklema

A

Device used to roll out people from the skene so that it would come out to the audience

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5
Q

Mechane

A

Crane used to carry people and depict them as gods flying down from the heavens

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6
Q

Plot of oresteia

A

Agamemnon is returning home. His wife, clytemnestra plans to murder him for sacrificing their daughter to Artemis, so that Agamemnons ships could sail to Troy, and also she has entered a relationship with Aegisthus, Agamemnons cousin, while Agamemnon was away for 10 years. Agamemnon returns home, and his wife kills him in their house. Cassandra, the daughter of the Trojan king who was brought by Agamemnon as a slave, is then also killed by Clytemnestra. Aegisthus is now King. The chorus assures that Orestes, Agamemnons son, will avenge his father. Orestes arrives at his fathers grave with his cousin pylades. Orestes’ sister, Electra, arrives at the gravesite as well. Orestes and Electra plan to kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. Orestes and pylades go to the kingdom and pretend to be travelers. When they meet Aegisthus, Orestes kills him. Clytemnestra then appears after hearing Aegisthus scream, and Orestes then kills her. The furies then torment Orestes for the two killings he committed. Athena then calls for a trial of Orestes to see if he should be guilty or not for the murder. The 12 gods vote, and it is a tie, resulting in Orestes being acquitted.

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7
Q

What did Aeschylus believe about human suffering

A

It is traced to human foolishness or evil acts.

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8
Q

Who is called the greatest Greek tragedian

A

Sophocles

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9
Q

What are some things that Sophocles did with his plays

A

Utilized exits and entrances for dramatic impact
Mastered the tragic moment
Human blindness to truth
Truth in dreams

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10
Q

Who is the first to use female roles in their plays

A

Euripides

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11
Q

Who wrote Hecuba

A

Euripides

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12
Q

Father of history

A

Herodotus

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13
Q

Father of philosophy

A

Socrates

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14
Q

The shadow painter

A

Apollodorus

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15
Q

Parts of a theater

A

Theatron (where the audience sat)
Orkhestra (where the chorus danced and sung)
Proskenion (part of the theater infront of the curtain)
Skene (backdrop; part of the stage)

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16
Q

Who wrote Medea

A

Euripides

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17
Q

Plot of Medea

A

Jason plans on marrying glauce, daughter of creon, king of Corinth. Medea is extremely mad. She meets with aegeus, King of Athens. He explains that his wife cannot bear children. Medea gives him medicine so his wife can have kids, in exchange for him letting her stay in Athens. Medea poisons a robe and a coronet. She goes to Jason, and tells him to give the robes to glauce (Jason didn’t know they were poisoned), in hopes she can lift the exile that creon was going to do to her. He tells his two kids to deliver them to glauce. Glauce wears the robe, and does because of the poison. Creon goes to try and help glauce, and touches the robes thus getting poisoned and dies. Medea then also kills her two sons when they return to try and hurt Jason. Jason goes to Medea and discovers his two children have been killed. Medea then rides away in a chariot with the two corpses and rides away to Athens.

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18
Q

Who wrote Hecuba

A

Euripides

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19
Q

Plot of Hecuba

A

Polydorus was sent to Thrace to King polymestor. He arrived with gifts of gold and jewelry. Troy old the war and then polymestor killed polydorus and took the treasures. Hecuba finds out that her daughter, polyxena, is going to be offered as a sacrifice for Achilles’ death. Odysseus brings her up to be killed. Hecuba sends a slave to get water from the seashore to clean polyxena’s body. There polydorus’ (hecubas son) body is discovered, and Hecuba is completely heartbroken. She wants revenge on polymestor. She pretends she doesn’t know polydorus is dead, and tells polymestor to tell polydorus where the treasures of Troy are. She them tells polymestor she has more riches, and polymestor goes to her with his two sons. Hecuba gathers slaves, and they kill polymestors sons, and Hecuba stabs polymestors eyes out. A trial begins to see of hecubas actions were justified. Agamemnon decides that her revenge was justified, and polymestor curses Hecuba saying she will drown, and Agamemnon saying his wife, Clytemnestra will kill him.

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20
Q

Who wrote the Oedipus plays

A

Sophocles

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21
Q

Plot of the Oedipus plays

A

King Laius, upon trying to avoid a prophecy, left his son, Oedipus, to die on a mountainside. Oedipus was found and raised by King polybus and queen Merope. Oedipus hear doc the prophecy that Laius tried avoiding, but thought the oracle said Oedipus was fated to kill polybus and marry Merope. Oedipus ends up leaving Corinth to go to Thebes. Along the way, he sees a man and they get into a fight. Oedipus ends up killing the man. In Thebes, it is heard that King Laius was killed. Oedipus solves the riddle of a sphinx to enter the city, and wins the crown. He is now married to queen Jocasta. Jocasta eventually finds out that she married her son, and she hangs herself. Oedipus finds out everything as well and stabs his eyes out. Oedipus is driven to exile and eventually does in colony’s in Athens.

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22
Q

Why did the Peloponnesian start?

A

Sparta thought that Athens was becoming too strong.

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23
Q

Who did Sparta ask for help to beat Athens

A

The Persians

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24
Q

Who fought in the battle of leuctra

A

Sparta v. Thebes

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25
Q

Who wins the battle of leuctra

A

Thebes

26
Q

Which power rises after the battle of leuctra

A

The Macedonians

27
Q

Who is King of the Macedonians

A

King Philip

28
Q

What weapon did King Philip create

A

The sariss (a 16 ft. Spear)

29
Q

Who fought in the Battle of chaeronea and how many soldiers were in each side

A

Athens + Thebes (50,000 soldiers)

Macedonia (30,000 soldiers)

30
Q

Who won the battle of chaeronea

A

The Macedonians

31
Q

Who tight Alexander

A

Aristotle

32
Q

Who takes power once Philip is assassinated

A

Alexander

33
Q

How many cities of Alexandria did slender found

A

14

34
Q

Where and how did Alexander die

A

Returning from India because of an illness

35
Q

Which generals did Alexander leave and what was their area of rule

A

Antigonus (Macedonia in Greece)
Ptolemy (Egypt and Phoenicia)
Seleucid (Mesopotamia, Syria, and Persia)

36
Q

Who fought in the wars of the diadochi

A

Ptolemies and Seleucids

37
Q

Who takes over pergamon from the Seleucids

A

The Attalids

38
Q

Who did attalos I and the pergamons defeat?

A

The Gauls

39
Q

Why was the altar of Zeus important

A

Filled the sculptural space and invaded the viewers space

40
Q

Under who was the altar of Zeus built

A

Eumenes II

41
Q

Altar of Zeus

A 
Marble
Pergamon museum in Berlin
Athena attaching the Giants in frieze
Deep cut high relief 
Expressionism-extreme emotions
42
Q

Gallic chieftain killing his wife and himself

A

Roman marble copy of bronze original
Nudity (man) is symbolic
Kills his wife and himself to avoid capture
Heroic

43
Q

Dying Gallic trumpeter

A 
Marble
Life size
Roman copy of bronze
Museo, capitolino, Rome 
Injury in limb (leg). Dying
44
Q

Aphrodite of Melos

A 
Follows praxitelean model
Hellenistic
Partially nude
Oriental
Contrapposto Stance
Classical presence 
Erotic. Drapery
45
Q

Laocoon and his sons

A

Marble
Roman copy
Laocoon almost saved Troy. Warned them of the gift of the horse. Neptune gets annoyed. Commands snakes to kill Laocoon and his two sons.

46
Q

Nike of samothrace

A

Louvre museum
Marble
It is landing

47
Q

What century were the Peloponnesian wars in

A

The 5th century BC

48
Q

First major play write in Greece and by who

A

Oresteia

Aeschylus

49
Q

Who commissioned the sculpting of the dying Gaul

A

Attalos I

50
Q

Where is the sculpture of Laocoon and his two sons presently

A

The Vatican museums, Vatican City

51
Q

Where is the Nike of samothrace presently

A

The louvre museum, France

52
Q

Where is the stature of the old market woman found presently

A

The metropolitan museum of art, New York

53
Q

Where is the Aphrodite of Melos presently

A

The louvre museum, France

54
Q

Which okay writer is also known as the first Shakespeare

A

Euripides

55
Q

The father of logic

A

Socrates

56
Q

Simplified version of Greek classical language. Alexander’s spread of Greek culture

A

Koine

57
Q

A winged victory

A

Nike

58
Q

Who wrote oresteia

A

Aeschylus

59
Q

Attalos III

A

Last king of Pergamon. Bequeathed Pergamon to Rome.

60
Q

Plato

A

Greek philosopher and mathematician. Founded the Academy in Athens.

61
Q

Thucydides

A

Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War

62
Q

Iphigenia

A

Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra

Art History (13 decks)

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