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Rome Flashcards

1
Q

Mountains

A

Alps- Block wind providing cool climate, protection from invadors
Appenines Mtns- throughout, not rigged,unification

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2
Q

Waterways

A

Mediterranean sea- Peninsuala w/ irregular coastline, used for conquest and trade, central location _> cultural diffusion
Timber river- Rome,irrigates land -> farming 7 rolling hills, navigable river

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3
Q

Climate

A

Mild=farming, broad, fertile plain (N& W) -> provide food High population, not dependent on other countries

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4
Q

Latins

A

Founders (1000 BCE), crossed Alps & invaded, built Rome: First Romans, Farmers & herders

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5
Q

Greeks

A

750-600 BCE, Colonies on southern Italian coast & Sicily, cultivated grapes & olives, wealthy traders, gods influence Roman gods

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6
Q

Etruscans

A

700-555 BCE, form Asia minor -> northern Italy, captured Rome from LAtins, made bridges, roads, city walls, weapons, writing_> Rome alpthebet

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7
Q

Romulus and remus

A

Page ab them

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Roman republic

A

-509 BCE- Romans drove out Etrucans founding of Roman state, Republic- a form of govt where all citizens with the right to vote choose their leaders

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10
Q

Citizens

A

All adult male landowners

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11
Q

Patricians

A

Landholding upper class

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12
Q

Plebians

A

Most of the pop farmers, merchants, artisans

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13
Q

Twelve tables

A

laws inscribed on 12 tablets and placed at the forum (marketplace)

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14
Q

Lasting legacy

A

Commoners gained more power and protection of rights, us adapts ideas of the Senate, veto & check/balances

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15
Q

Roman Men

A

Head of house/absolute power (patriarchy), demanded total respect, Romans honored strength, disipline/hard work & loyalty

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16
Q

Roman Women

A
  • Ran household- children spinning & weaving/supervisded slaves, citizen: no voting/public office, could own property & business, greater freedom & influence than Greek, rent out in public-theater baths, dinners
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17
Q

Children Roman

A

Education for wealthy, private Greek tutors for boys, learn history and rhetoric, girls taught at home: married early, poor remained uneducated

18
Q

Toga

A

-National costume, symbolic value-> citizenship, hard to put on, uncomfortable, challenging to wear correctly , never truly popular

19
Q

Mythology

A

Adapted gods/goddesses from Greeks, Calender full of feats & celebrations=sense of community, temples w/statues-> rituals

20
Q

THEY HAD A HUGE SLAVE POP

21
Q

Expansion of Rome

A

-Rome controlled all of Italy by 264 Bc, citizenship to conuered people, won friendship and soldiers, built roads for trade & unification “All roads lead to Rome”

22
Q

Punic wars 264-241 BC

A

_Rome and Carthage, fought over trade and control of mediterean sea, three separate battles

23
Q

Hannibal’s first battle

A

-over sicily, Rome defeated Carthage, Hannibul leader of Carthage, swore revenge

24
Q

Second Punic war

A

-hannibals surprise attack: crossed pyrenees-> france_> alps_> Italy , rode elephants, lost 1/2 army, but won all battles-> much destruction to Italy until the last battle -> Romans sent away to Carthage

25
Third and last Punic war
Rome completely destroyed Carthage, burned and salted earth, captured and sold people into slavery, Roman imperialism-> Greece next, *By 44 bc large and diverse empire (Europe, macidonia, Asia minor, Greece,Egypt,and syria)= Rome becomes sole power of the mediterean= cultural diffusion, impact at home : growing wealthy class, corruption & slavery--> poor farmers cant compete (slave laborer grew crops + cheap grain from abroad-> unemployed go to cities-> riots GRACCHESBIOS- try to make reforms
26
1/3 of itlays pop is enslaved
27
Decline of republic
-Alwas out conquering= problems at home, no food, too many prisonor of war (POW)= not enough jobs, poor had no land, rich (patricians) ran the govt plebians had no say
28
Revolt
- reforms denied, violent upheavles among poor, loyalty to generals not govt, Senate couldn't handle problems, moral of society deteriorated (divorce, brutality, corruption), civil war breaks out between generals
29
First triumvirate(alliance)
-ceaser, crassus, Pompey, Pompey ruled Italy crassus died in Asian war, ceaser defeated Pompey and became the sole ruler
30
Julius ceaser
-made many reforms, govt and rules, land distribution,built roads and drained swamps, 365 day calender, he became very powerful=first dicatror of Roman empire, Senate asked him to leave, he refused, jeleuosy and fear -> assassination ( by Brutas and Cassius)
31
Second triumvirate(alliance)
-lepidus, anlony, octavion, ended in power struggle between Antony and Octavian, Antony married Cleopatra of Egypt and combined empires, ovtavian felt threatened and attacked, Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide, octavian became the sole emperor of Rome, Senate named Octavian "Agustus" Ceaser
32
The age of Agustus Ceaser
- beginning of "Pax romana" or Roman peace which lasted for 200 years, golden age, reforms, stable govt, fair taxes,citizenship, trade and industry, civil service exams, cultural achievements (education, entertainment etc), increased pop, will last until "fall" collapse of Roman empire
33
Christianity
Spread across empire during Pax Romana, Jesus, god, founder son of god, preached to poor: miracles, love, forgiveness, humility, Messiah savior, Romans saw him as a trouble maker-> crucifixation
34
Gospels
Addounts of Jesus, written by apostles(12 disciples who preach after his death), Paul- wrote 100s of letters explaining Christian beliefs to community, Jesus died to save humanity from sin, salcation by following his teachings, bible- old and new testament
35
Persecution
- Attracted poor, slaves, discontented, refused to worship emperor/fight/pay taxes, SCAPEGOATS, during political/economic turmoil, books and chuches burned, jail and death colosiam-. lions, MARTYRS- die for beliefs
36
Constantine
- official religions outlawed, EDDICT OF MILAN- policy of toleration POPE=head of church, Vatican in Rome, NIARENE CRED- statement of basic beliefs, Roman art and architecture, language and literature, engineering, and law became its legacy to the world, GOlden age due to increased trade and expansion-> developemts
37
Marcus aurelius
last emperor of PAx Romana
38
Hadrien
Built wall in England to block invastions
39
Death of Aurelius
End of Pax Romana-> 100 years of political & economic turmoil, many emperors, no hereditary succesion-> confusion, competiton, civil war, violence. *emperor becomes to large to control
40
Diocletion
divided empire into 2 parts eastern and western
41
Constantin
Moved Roman povere eastward by building a new captial at Constinople, granted toleration to Christiasn through the edict of Milan, 476- Romulus Agustus over thrown by harbarians, In the end, internal problems and invasion won over, Invadors divided empire

Sophia (9 decks)

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