High middle ages Flashcards
Agriculture Revolution
New farming technology and more productive fields
iron plow
new horse harness to pull the plow ( yoke)
water / wind powered Mills population increases because of surplus
peasants left manners
Trade reemerges
Inter-regional trade begins (middle east Europe Africa)
roads are repaired
Caravans bring luxury goods from me
Farm implements, wool, jewelry sugar spice silk fur swords - Δ cultural diffusion (language Customs Goods)
trade fairs -Δtowns -Δ reappear cities (overcrowded noise and dirty)
middle class develops —Merchants Traders and artisans Charter asked King for rights / privileges to trade
Commercial revoltuion
- Currency will re emerge
Capital- money for investment-> banking
2) New type of business
- partnerships,pooled $ together-> less risky-> raise more $
3) New ideas- credit, insurance, usary (money lending)
Iv guilds
1) Each occupation had there own
- workers join for “protection”
-Limet membership
-Rules to set hours, wages, prices
2) To join apprentices(training) -> $ 0 for 7 years
- Jourynman-salaried worker
Master- Can own the shop
- Cities and trade helped kings become powerful rulers centralize bc of
1) Tax systems
2) Standing armies
3)Govt bueracracy
4) Strengthen ties w/townspeople
- William the conqueror(1066-1087)
A BATTLE OF HASTINGS- invaded England and took over
b. SALISBURY OATH- all lords pledged loyalty, military service= strengthened power -> centralized govt
c. Strong central govt
-built laws
- created policy
D. Domesday book- surveyed england
- efficient tax system
e. Successors- Exchequor royal Treasury to collect/ manage taxes
Henry II (1154-1189)
a) continued to extend power
b CIRcUIT COURT JUDGE- ordered justices to report crimes/disputes heard cases
- consisted of GRAND JURY- decided what cases went to trial
TRIAL JURY- made verdicts for caseses-> common law- single legal law code for entire country
John (1199-1216)
a) raised taxes very high to pay for military expeditions
b) never asked for advice= nobles rebelled
c) MAGMA CARTA- forced to sign this great charter in 1215
- limited the king power
-increased the nobles power
-eventually gave people more rights acted as a written garuntee
1) no taxation w/o represnetation
2) jury trials
3) King was not above the law
- The great council (parliament) has two houses
a) House of lords ( nobles)
b) House of commons (town people) - Additional rights won by people protect from arbitrary arrest/ impronsoment
1) due process
2) Habeas corprus
REMEBER THESEEEE
Effects of bubonic plague
1) Economy plunged
a) farms abandoned-> decrease in workers/crops-> raise animals
-> peasens to city for work= revolts
b) trade decreased
-less workers & production -> demand for increased wages -> highest prices ( inflation)
Social unrest
A) Isolation caused by fear (recurring episodes)
b) pop decreased
c) Jewish persecution
d) church lost-> strength -> bc ppl aren’t attending church services, lost faith in church bc they thought god punished them, big hit to pop, scism(split) so end up making 2nd pope in france and problems in church
The hundreds years war
A) England invaded france
- throne, trade, english channel
b. english advantage- new weapons LONGBOW-> battered french army
C. Joan of arc
- visions -> lead part of army- won several victories
-> inspired french to fight -> success bc of CANON/ GUN POWDER
- captured by england
-> Prision_> heresy ( going against church)-> burned
Results of war
- France won-> nationalism increased-> king more power
- parliament gained power in england
- end of medival times
Art and architecture
1) inspired by church
2. Gothic art (1150-1300)
a) tall buildings
b) light weight, airy apperance
c) stained glass windows
Literature
1) Vernacular- everyday language
2) romance languages ( latin influence: french, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese)
3) Stories of love, war, chivalry
a) DANTE (IT) Divine comedy-poetry,theology,history
bCHAUCER (eng) Canterbury tales - everyday lives
Universities
1) first major centers of learning
2) church controlled them
3) no women allowed
4) trained people for church and govt jobs
5) liberal art classes (Grammer, music, logic, arithmetic, rhetoric, astronomy)
6 THOMAS AQUINAS
a) most famous thinker
b) argued faith and reason
c) explaining Christ’s beliefs with reason ( thinking)
Science and technolgy
1) church decided knwoledge
2) PTOLEMY said earth was center of universe
3) Spanish Muslims introducded Arabic numerals
Impact of learning and technology from the Islamic world
Greek texts reintroduced to western Europe after 1150
-lost to western Europe after fall of Rome in 476
- Aristotles works translated from Arabic into Latin between 1260 and 1200
innovations adopted from muslims
- numbering systems, paper, adjustable rudder, magnifying glasses, eye glasses, med techniques
