Egypt

Question 1

Nile

Answer 1

longest river in the world flows from heart for Africa to the delta that opens into ,edoterrian sea (south to north)

Question 2

Magnet for life

Answer 2

human and animal= permanent villigaes -> civilization of ANCIENT EGYPT developed around the Nile over 500 years ago
- flooded predictably every year leaving behind fertile soil= Egypt was the “Gift of Nile”
- Irrigation systems built ( dikes, reserovies, channels -> store water) = crop production

Question 3

6 unnavigable cataracts

Answer 3

steep waterfall w/ preveriolus rapids= barriors
1st cataract= barrier between Egypt and (gold) Nubia (aka kush)

Question 4

Upper Egypt

Answer 4

lower part in the south

Question 5

lower Egypt

Answer 5

delta region (triangular are formed by silt at rivers mouth= most fertile region)

Question 6

*Nile was highway linking north and south helped make Egypt one of the world first unified state

Question 7

Narmer(menes)

Answer 7

king who united 2 parts (3100 BCE)

Question 8

Memphis-

Answer 8

first capital
- army and govt officials used river
-promoted trade routes

Question 9

Deserts

Answer 9

natural barrier to invasion
- limited where people could settle
-housing close together

Question 10

Tigris Eupphrates (Mesopotmaia)

Answer 10

-unrpedictable floods
- floods destroyed crops since they weren’t at the right time
- flooding sometimes caused rivers to change course

Question 11

Nile river valley

Answer 11

-predictable floods that occured every sep
- flooded at the perft time for grain agriculture
- flows south to north

Question 12

similarities between Tigris and nile

Answer 12

-main soruce of water for agriculture
- floods made soil mineral rich and fertile
- floods could lead to damage and destruction
- used for transportation, trade, and communication

Question 13

marorahs

Answer 13

united egypt and organized strong centralized govt
0 gods choose them to rule

Question 14

theocracy

Answer 14

ruler= divine figure

Question 15

heredity

Answer 15

power passed down to sons

Question 16

dynasties

Answer 16

ruling families

Question 17

Vizier

Answer 17

chief minister (supervised govt)
prosperity and political stability

Question 18

pyramid age

Answer 18

most pyramids and tombs built reflected strength

Question 19

first intermediate period

Answer 19

turmoil and weakness
crops failure, struggles, cost of pyramids

Question 20

middle kingdom

Answer 20

• new pharoah emerge and reunite egypt
• turbulent period: Nile irregular -> found shortages -> rebellions and corruptions
  -Improve trade and transportation -> contact with other lands (middle east)
  -occupied Nubia(gold)
  -dikes for irrigation, drained swamps= more farmland
• 1620 BCE-> foreign invaders -Hykoos took control

Question 21

second intermediate period( new kingdom)

Answer 21

-large and powerful empire created-> Hyksos driven out
- powerful and ambitious pharaohs
- Egypt = wealthier and more powerful then before

Question 22

age of conquest

Answer 22

conquers/large army of bronze weapons and chariots
- Hatshepsut
-thotmuse 111
- Rameses ll expanded north through Palestine

Question 23

Contact with many cultures-> new goods and ideas
- empire declined-> broke into small kingdoms

Question 24

polytheistic

Answer 24

more than 2000 gods/goddesses
- temple to honor deites

Question 25

osiris

Answer 25

god of the dead: controlled annual flood

Question 26

isis

Answer 26

ideal mother and wife: taught women to grind corn, spin flaux, weather cloth, care for children

Question 27

horus

Answer 27

sky god

Question 28

ra

Answer 28

sun god (Amon- re/Amun re - gave pharaoh his right to rule - pharaoh= god and monarch

Question 29

after llife

Answer 29

like on earth - buried dead with everything they'd need for eternity

Question 30

mummification

Answer 30

preservation of body gave soul use of body

Question 31

book of dead

Answer 31

collection of texts - hymns, prayers and magic spells - a guide for the soul to osiris by dead soul-> weighs the heart-> lighter then feather= eternal life

Question 32

social classes

Answer 32

- not locked in could gain status through marriage or job success

Question 33

vizier

Answer 33

all matter of slate: 1 for each of 40 districts supervised bereaucratic departments

Question 34

priesed

Answer 34

dressed/fed/prayed to

Question 35

scribes

Answer 35

pictorial hieroglyphs( monuments/plaques) -curisive form called hieratic PAPYRUS- recorded faxes ceremonies gifts

Question 36

merchants and craftsmen

Answer 36

jewlwerly, furniture, fabrics for palaces and tombs

Question 37

women

Answer 37

not as many rights as men but higher status and greater independence then other anent civilizations - could trade, own property, enter business deals, propose marriage and seek divorce

Question 38

peasents

Answer 38

most of pop: farmers build off season

Question 39

slaves

Answer 39

POWS+ worked in mines or home of wealthy

Question 40

literature

Answer 40

poems and tales give us wealth of info about values and viewpoints - ptahhoteps book- about royal battles and vivroies - tale of sinuhe- govt official who wanders to syria

Question 41

science

Answer 41

surgies and medicines calander

Question 42

great pyramid of giza

Answer 42

mathematically is perf