Rome Flashcards
Where is the Roman civilization located
Italian Peninsula
What was Rome orginaly called
Hesperian( Land of the evening sun)
Aeneid
written by Roman historian Virgil;
Trojan Prince Aeneas, survivor of Troy goes to Italy and becomes ancestors of Romans becomes Great…grandfathers of
3 periods of Rome
1.Regel
2.Republic
3.Empire/Imperial
Blend of Greece and Rome culture forms western civilization
Forms of government
Monarchy
Republic
Empire
Regal Period
Monrachy(7 kings)
First-Romulus
Last-Tarquín
Cicero
Father of the country-created republic
Social Classes
Patricians-wealthy Aristotic noble class(they could only hold positions in government)
Plebeians-everyone else
Types of Governing Bodies
Senate
Praetors/Consuls
Assembly
Senate
Most powerful-represented Patricans
300 men(made all laws)
Lifelong
Praetors/Consuls (Co rulers)
Executive Branch(President)
Chosen by assembly( 2 of them,military commander and ruler in Rome)
1 year terms
In times of emergency a dictator would take over( 6 months
Assembly
Plebeians
Members called Tribunes
Power to choose consul and veto actions
Roman Law
12 tables-written law code
Placed in the forum(Main Public square)
SPQR
Official emblem of Rome
The Roman senate and people
Roman Religion
Pagan(polytheistic)
Adapted/blended culture from people they conquered
Mostly from Greek mythology
Roman gods
Jupiter-Zeus
Mars-God of War
Vesta-goddess of hearth and home(Protector)
Roma-Patron god of Rome, courage and strength
Roman Family
Paterfamilias-Pater=father)head of the family
Entire family lived in the same house-villas(patricians)
Plebians lived in crowded apartments
Roman Historians
Livy(republic)
Tacitus(Empire)
Gauls
Rome was attacked and taken over by Gauls
Result;Rome created the best army
Conquered entire Italian peninsula, Egyptians, and Greeks
Roman Goals
Conquer and Civilize the world(non Roman’s;barbarians
Success was due to army(2)
-to protect Rome, and senate/emperor
-protect the republic,empire
Praetorian Guard
elite soldiers that protected the emperor and Rome
Centurion
Roman officer
Roman road system
Built series of roads that connected the republic and the empire(50,000 miles)
Built to move army
how did rome start
Romulus and Remus…both gets thrown in Tibus River but gets rescued by a wolf Lupa. Romulus kills brother and founds Rome.
Big city’s
-Latium
-Hesperian
-Rome
Big city’s
-Latium
-Hesperian
-Rome
roman religious officials
Pontifex Maximus-high priests+consul
Vestal Virgins-protector of Rome-(6 priestess)
Legionaries
soldiers that protected republican/empire
Carthage
Jewel of the Mediterranean(Super power)
Wealthy trading empire(Tunisia-North Africa)
Romes biggest rivals
Phoenician Settlement
1st Punic War
Fight over Sicily(20yrs)
Rome wins and gains Sicily
2nd Punic War
Hannibal-Scourge of Rome-Invades Italian Peninsula(15 yrs)
Rome(Scipio) defeat Hannibal at the battle of Zama
Rome gains Spain
3rd Punic war/Results
3 year siege on Carthage
Rome conquers Mediterranean
Julius Caesar
Young Rising Military Star
Hero to the lower class
Ides of March
Julius Caesar is murdered by 60 senators led by Brutus(Best Friend)
1st Triumvirate
Crassus/Pompey/Julius Caesar
Civil War(Egypt and Caesar/Pompey and Senate)
Caesar wins(Dictator for life)
2nd Triumvirate
Octavion/Marc Anthony/Lepidus
Anthony falls in love w/ Cleopatra(Alliance)
Octavion convince Senate
Octavion wins battle of Actium and Ends Roman Republic
Octavion
Grandnephew/adopted son of Julius Caesar
Title Caesar Augustus-Exalted One
First Emperor of Rome( Time of Jesus)
Imperial/Empire
70 emperors in total
Pax Romana
roman peace
Began w/ Octavion, lasted 200 yrs
Golden age of Rome
Julian Emperor
4 emperors
Nero-notorious/insane-killed mother and first wife
5 good of emperors
Rome flourished
Trajan the great-Empire reached biggest size
Hadrian the great-Built a wall(Britannia)
Marcus Aurelias-last of good emperors(Pax Romana ends)
Commodus
Mad/evil emperor
Son of Marcus Aurelias
Empire starts declining
Pompeii
Roman City(Resort)
By volcano
Christianity
From Judiasm
Christians-Followers of Christs
Gospels
1st 4 books of New testament(Matthew,mark,Luke,John)
Teachings of Jesus
After Jesus dies apostles spread the word
Apostle Paul spreads gospel to gentiles(non Jew, Greeks, Roman)
Early Roman Christian Church
Hierarchy
Pope(Bishop)-father of the church
Bishops-several churches(Diocese)
Priests-local level-one church(Parish)
Apostle Peter
First Bishop
Believed he was the rock the church was built on
Statement of Beliefs
Nicene Creed
Great Schism
Roman church split in 2
Roman Catholic-west
Greek Orthodox-east
Why was Christian’s persecuted
Refused to worship gods/emperor
Blamed on for Rome’s problems
Circus Maximus
Chariot races
250,000 people
Colosseum
Blood sports
100 day games
Free entertainment
Pantheon
Temple to honor Roman gods
Appian Way
Oldest/first major Roman road
Rome to south Italy
Forum
Roman central square
Imperial Crisis/Emperor Diocletian
Almost collapsed-civil war
divides empire in 2(Tetrarchy-rule of 4)
Western Roman Empire-Rome Capital
Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine(Constantinople) ruled by Diocletian-becomes center/wealthiest part
After his death-power struggle
Constantine
Comes to power after Diocletian
Vision-gives Jesus credit for winning
Sole ruler of 2 empire(first Christian emperor)
After death-empire declines
Chi Rho
Early Christian cross
Edict of Milan
Freedom of religion
Unifies pagan w/ Christianity
Pagan holidays/sunday worships
Constantinople
New capital during Constantine rule
Emperor Theodosius
Makes Christianity state religion
Fall of empire
Rise of Christianity-takes power from emperors
Corrupt Emperors-drained money
Germanic Barbarian Invasion-constant war/drained money
Problems in the army-hired mercenaries-expensive/not loyal
Roman Morals-Became evil
Alaric
Barbarian king
First to sack Rome
Rome paid ransom to get city back
Odoacar
Barbarian king
Sacked Rome again and totally destroyed Rome
Romulus Augustulas
Last Roman western emperor
Fall of east Roman Empire
Byzantine empire fell in 15 century by ottoman turks
Legacy of Rome
Christianity-worlds largest religion
Roman Law/Justice system
Republic-rule of law
Latin/language-root of European Romance languages
Concrete/cement-major building material/construction
4 world views
Theism-god is the creator/ruler
Materialism/naturalism-everything comes from nothing
Pantheism-god is in everything
Deism-god created everything and dipped
Polyphemus
Son of Poseidon(odyssey)
Drama/theater
Theatrical performance(outside)
Honor of Dionysus
Only men
Olympics
Honor of Zeus
Every 4 years
3 events-sacrifices, music/poetry, athletic contests
Winner got free food 4L and Olive branch
Philosophy
Question everything
Socrates-father of philosophy
Plato-created a school
Aristotle-father of science and tutored Alexander
