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World History > Middle Ages > Flashcards

Middle Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Feudalism

A

A form of government where land is exchanged for services
Based on giving land to nobles for protection and military aid

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2
Q

Overlord/lord

A

Noble who gave the land

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3
Q

Vassal

A

A noble who received and served the overlord

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4
Q

Serfs

A

People who worked the land(peasants)

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5
Q

Homage

A

Ceremony where the vassal pledged his loyalty to the lord

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6
Q

Fief

A

Land granted by the lord to the vassal

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7
Q

Manor

A

Lords estate

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8
Q

Knights

A

Mounted warriors who protected the lord
Young nobles

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9
Q

Castles

A

Fortified manor,built for defense
Built on a hill/moat

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10
Q

Lady/noblewoman

A

No rights
Got arranged marriage at 21
Raise children and take care of household

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11
Q

Entertainment for Middle Ages

A

Mock battles between knights
Tournaments
Sword fighting
Jousting
Hunting,falconry and archery
Banquets-eating and minstrels/jesters
Troubadours-traveling poets/musicians

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12
Q

Knights training

A
  1. Page-age 7-learned code of chivalry, use of weapon, how to ride horse
  2. Squire-age 14-servant to assigned knight
  3. Knight-prove yourself in battle, ceremony(knight hood)
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13
Q

Chivalry

A

Brave
Fight fairly
Keep promises
Defend the church
Defend and treat ladies well
Pay ransom for the lord

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14
Q

Peace of God

A

Pax Dei
peasants, women, clergy were not to be harmed during war fair

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15
Q

Truce of god

A

Treuga Dei
No warfare on holidays and sundays

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16
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A

Universal church-unifying force of the Middle Ages

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17
Q

Clergy

A

Church officials
Meditators between god and man

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18
Q

Secular clergy

A

Lived in the world
Priests and bishop-worked among g the people

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19
Q

Regular clergy

A

Lived apart from the world
Monks and nuns-lived in monasteries and convents
Spent time in prayer, reading and copying the Bible+other manuscripts
Clergy was only educated and scholars

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20
Q

7 sacraments

A

Required for salvation
Baptism
Confirmation-coming of age
Marriage
Penance-confession
Eucharist-communion
Taking care of the sick-unction
Holy orders-dedication of deacon and elders

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21
Q

Canon law

A

Church law
Mot power than civil laws

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22
Q

Lay investiture

A

Appointment of religious officials by kings

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23
Q

Roman Catholic Church hierarchy

A

1.pope-archbishop of Rome-papa
Vicar of Christ-earthly representative of god
2.cardinals-advisors to the pope
3.Archbishop-bishop of archdiocese’s(major cities)
4.bishops-(successors of apostle)bishop of a single dioceses(town)
5.priests-administered over a single parish(church)
6.monks/nuns

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24
Q

What is the Middle Ages

A

Period between ancient and modern world
New civilization that combined Greeks/romans, Germanic culture, and Christianity

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25
Q

What started the Middle Ages

A

10 Germanic barbaric tribes invaded Europe
Overthrew the Roman empire

26
Q

Dark ages

A

A time in the beginning of the Middle Ages where illiterate and spiritually was lost

27
Q

Franks

A

Strongest of the 10 Germanic tribes
Modern France

28
Q

First king of the franks

A

King merowig

29
Q

First barbarian king to accept Christianity

A

Clovis(Franks)

30
Q

Mayor of the palace

A

Major domo
Government officials who “replaced” kings
Kings became puppets

31
Q

Charles Martel

A

First mayor of the palace
Savior of christianity

32
Q

Battle of tours

A

Charles Martel defeated the muslim(moors)
Stopped Muslim invasion of Europe and that Christianity would remain

33
Q

Papel states

A

To thank the church Charles Martel gave the church a chunk of land
Vatican city

34
Q

Pepin the short

A

Overthrows the Merovingian kings and starts new line(Carolingian kings)

35
Q

Charlemagne

A

Charles the great
Doubles the size of kingdom-defeats barbarian German pagans and creates the Frankish empire(France, Germany, Italy, Spain)
Founder of Europe/western civilization
First emperor to unite Western Europe since Rome
Creates new Christian Roman Empire
Crowned 1st holy Roman emperor
Divides empire into 350 counties

36
Q

Counts

A

Officials who help rule the empire

37
Q

Missi dominci

A

Royal messengers
Watch the coutns

38
Q

Carolingian renaissance

A

Brief period of learning

39
Q

Louis the Pius

A

Charlemagne’s son
Bad leader

40
Q

Treaty of verdun

A

Empire splits in 3 after Louis the pius death
3 groups invade europe(Magyars, Vikings ,Muslims)

41
Q

Vikings

A

From the north
Most destructive+savage warriors(most feared)
Northmen/normans
Raids of Vikings weekend monarchs and isolated European communitys

42
Q

Lindisfarne island

A

Monastery that the Vikings discovered and invaded
Started the Viking age

43
Q

Famous vikings

A

Ragnar Lodbrock
Bjorn Ironsides
Eric the red
Leif Erickson

44
Q

Norse mythology

A

Odin-chief of gods
Thor-god of thunder/battle
Loki-god of mischief
Freya-god of war
Valhalla-heaven banquet hall
Valkyries-decided your fate who would live/die in battle

45
Q

Sagas-stories

A

Long oral epic poems

46
Q

3 things the church used to keep power

A

Excommunication-individual banishment
Interdict-banishment of multiple people
Ignorance-Bible was illegal

47
Q

Simony

A

Buying and selling of church offices

48
Q

Indulgence

A

Buying forgivness

49
Q

Relics

A

Physical remains/personal items of a holy person said to have healing powers

50
Q

Great schism

A

Church split into 2
Eastern Orthodox
Roman catholic

51
Q

Bubonic plaque+results

A

Black Death
Killed half of Europe
Peasants revolted for higher wages
Magna Carta was signed in Great Britain by king John
Gave more rights to peasants
The law applies to everyone

52
Q

Crusades

A

9 crusades
Christian knights who wanted the holy land so Jesus could return
Going to the cross
War between Christian’s and Muslims over the holy land

53
Q

Holy land

A

Jerusalem and surrounding areas
Jews-Solomon’s temple and wailing walls
Christians-birth of Jesus+ministery
Muslim-dome of the rock

54
Q

Seljuk Turk(Muslims)

A

Took over the holy lands
Stopped religious tolerance
Killed 3000 Christian’s
Spark that created the crusades

55
Q

1st crusade

A

Pope Urban II calls all Christian’s to reclaim the holy land
God wills it-battle cry
Said you would get salvation
Led by Alexius I-emperor of Byzantine empire
Succeeded

56
Q

2nd crusade

A

Saladin(Muslim crusader) retook Jerusalem
Today Holy land is called Israel

57
Q

Children’s crusade

A

12yr old boy named Nicholas leads army of children(50,000)
Many died during the journey, most were taken as slaves

58
Q

Results of Crusade

A

Byzantine empire falls to ottoman turks(Muslims)
Muslim controlled holy lands for next 700 years
Created conflict between Christian/jews and Muslim

59
Q

Hundred year war

A

France vs England
King Edward III(England) claimed to be king of France-position held by king Phillip VI(France)
Joan of arc-French peasant heroine
Burned because of her visions from god

60
Q

What ended the Middle Ages

A

The crusades
Black plaque
Decline of power in the Catholic Church
The renaissance

61
Q

Heraldry

A

Tracing a persons family name

62
Q

Coat of arms

A

Symbol that represented family name

World History (7 decks)

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