Middle Ages Flashcards
Feudalism
A form of government where land is exchanged for services
Based on giving land to nobles for protection and military aid
Overlord/lord
Noble who gave the land
Vassal
A noble who received and served the overlord
Serfs
People who worked the land(peasants)
Homage
Ceremony where the vassal pledged his loyalty to the lord
Fief
Land granted by the lord to the vassal
Manor
Lords estate
Knights
Mounted warriors who protected the lord
Young nobles
Castles
Fortified manor,built for defense
Built on a hill/moat
Lady/noblewoman
No rights
Got arranged marriage at 21
Raise children and take care of household
Entertainment for Middle Ages
Mock battles between knights
Tournaments
Sword fighting
Jousting
Hunting,falconry and archery
Banquets-eating and minstrels/jesters
Troubadours-traveling poets/musicians
Knights training
- Page-age 7-learned code of chivalry, use of weapon, how to ride horse
- Squire-age 14-servant to assigned knight
- Knight-prove yourself in battle, ceremony(knight hood)
Chivalry
Brave
Fight fairly
Keep promises
Defend the church
Defend and treat ladies well
Pay ransom for the lord
Peace of God
Pax Dei
peasants, women, clergy were not to be harmed during war fair
Truce of god
Treuga Dei
No warfare on holidays and sundays
Roman Catholic Church
Universal church-unifying force of the Middle Ages
Clergy
Church officials
Meditators between god and man
Secular clergy
Lived in the world
Priests and bishop-worked among g the people
Regular clergy
Lived apart from the world
Monks and nuns-lived in monasteries and convents
Spent time in prayer, reading and copying the Bible+other manuscripts
Clergy was only educated and scholars
7 sacraments
Required for salvation
Baptism
Confirmation-coming of age
Marriage
Penance-confession
Eucharist-communion
Taking care of the sick-unction
Holy orders-dedication of deacon and elders
Canon law
Church law
Mot power than civil laws
Lay investiture
Appointment of religious officials by kings
Roman Catholic Church hierarchy
1.pope-archbishop of Rome-papa
Vicar of Christ-earthly representative of god
2.cardinals-advisors to the pope
3.Archbishop-bishop of archdiocese’s(major cities)
4.bishops-(successors of apostle)bishop of a single dioceses(town)
5.priests-administered over a single parish(church)
6.monks/nuns
What is the Middle Ages
Period between ancient and modern world
New civilization that combined Greeks/romans, Germanic culture, and Christianity
What started the Middle Ages
10 Germanic barbaric tribes invaded Europe
Overthrew the Roman empire
Dark ages
A time in the beginning of the Middle Ages where illiterate and spiritually was lost
Franks
Strongest of the 10 Germanic tribes
Modern France
First king of the franks
King merowig
First barbarian king to accept Christianity
Clovis(Franks)
Mayor of the palace
Major domo
Government officials who “replaced” kings
Kings became puppets
Charles Martel
First mayor of the palace
Savior of christianity
Battle of tours
Charles Martel defeated the muslim(moors)
Stopped Muslim invasion of Europe and that Christianity would remain
Papel states
To thank the church Charles Martel gave the church a chunk of land
Vatican city
Pepin the short
Overthrows the Merovingian kings and starts new line(Carolingian kings)
Charlemagne
Charles the great
Doubles the size of kingdom-defeats barbarian German pagans and creates the Frankish empire(France, Germany, Italy, Spain)
Founder of Europe/western civilization
First emperor to unite Western Europe since Rome
Creates new Christian Roman Empire
Crowned 1st holy Roman emperor
Divides empire into 350 counties
Counts
Officials who help rule the empire
Missi dominci
Royal messengers
Watch the coutns
Carolingian renaissance
Brief period of learning
Louis the Pius
Charlemagne’s son
Bad leader
Treaty of verdun
Empire splits in 3 after Louis the pius death
3 groups invade europe(Magyars, Vikings ,Muslims)
Vikings
From the north
Most destructive+savage warriors(most feared)
Northmen/normans
Raids of Vikings weekend monarchs and isolated European communitys
Lindisfarne island
Monastery that the Vikings discovered and invaded
Started the Viking age
Famous vikings
Ragnar Lodbrock
Bjorn Ironsides
Eric the red
Leif Erickson
Norse mythology
Odin-chief of gods
Thor-god of thunder/battle
Loki-god of mischief
Freya-god of war
Valhalla-heaven banquet hall
Valkyries-decided your fate who would live/die in battle
Sagas-stories
Long oral epic poems
3 things the church used to keep power
Excommunication-individual banishment
Interdict-banishment of multiple people
Ignorance-Bible was illegal
Simony
Buying and selling of church offices
Indulgence
Buying forgivness
Relics
Physical remains/personal items of a holy person said to have healing powers
Great schism
Church split into 2
Eastern Orthodox
Roman catholic
Bubonic plaque+results
Black Death
Killed half of Europe
Peasants revolted for higher wages
Magna Carta was signed in Great Britain by king John
Gave more rights to peasants
The law applies to everyone
Crusades
9 crusades
Christian knights who wanted the holy land so Jesus could return
Going to the cross
War between Christian’s and Muslims over the holy land
Holy land
Jerusalem and surrounding areas
Jews-Solomon’s temple and wailing walls
Christians-birth of Jesus+ministery
Muslim-dome of the rock
Seljuk Turk(Muslims)
Took over the holy lands
Stopped religious tolerance
Killed 3000 Christian’s
Spark that created the crusades
1st crusade
Pope Urban II calls all Christian’s to reclaim the holy land
God wills it-battle cry
Said you would get salvation
Led by Alexius I-emperor of Byzantine empire
Succeeded
2nd crusade
Saladin(Muslim crusader) retook Jerusalem
Today Holy land is called Israel
Children’s crusade
12yr old boy named Nicholas leads army of children(50,000)
Many died during the journey, most were taken as slaves
Results of Crusade
Byzantine empire falls to ottoman turks(Muslims)
Muslim controlled holy lands for next 700 years
Created conflict between Christian/jews and Muslim
Hundred year war
France vs England
King Edward III(England) claimed to be king of France-position held by king Phillip VI(France)
Joan of arc-French peasant heroine
Burned because of her visions from god
What ended the Middle Ages
The crusades
Black plaque
Decline of power in the Catholic Church
The renaissance
Heraldry
Tracing a persons family name
Coat of arms
Symbol that represented family name
