Arab Test Flashcards
Who are Bedouins
Nomadic herders who lived in tribes in the Arabian Peninsula
Sheikh
Title of the ruler of each tribe
Who are Hanifs
Holy men who first worshiped one God
Who is Muhammad
Prophet to Islam
Born in Mecca
Had revelations
Who is Muhammad’s wife
Khadija-wealthy older widow
1st revelation
From angel Gabriel
One true god named Allah
2nd revelation
Told people to stop idol worship
Worship only Allah
Who is the first Muslims
means follower of Islam
Family and close friends
What is Hijrah
His flight when he and his follower fled to Medina
Ummah
Community of believers
Medina
2nd holiest city
Burial place for Muhammad
First community/state for Islamic
Mecca
Holiest city of Islam
Birthplace of Muhammad
Home of Kaba
Jerusalem
Night journey to paradise(heaven)to visits prophet(dome of rock)
3rd holiest city
Quran
Messages Gabriel gave to Muhammad over a 22 year period written by his followers
Final authority of Muslim faith
What is the Sharia Law
Law of Muslims public and private life
Sumah
Tradition, way of the prophet
Example of how to live
5 pillars of Islam
1)Shahada-Allah is the only god and Muhammad is the true prophet
2)Salat-pray 5x to Mecca
3)Sawm-give to the poor
4)Zakat-fasting during the days on Ramadan
5)Hajj-must take a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their life
What is a mosque
Place of worship for muslims
What is a muezzin
Prayer caller
Who is a Imam
Leader of the mosque/Pastor
Caliph
Successor,new leader title
Caliphate
Kingdom ruled under a caliph
Rightly guided Caliphs
1st 4 caliph who were all relatives or close friends of Muhammad
1st was father in law-Abu bakr
4th was Caliph Ali
These 4 spread Islam through military conquest
Why was the Muslim successful?
1)thought it was there duty to spread Islam
2)Byzantine(rival) was weak and vulnerable
What caused the split among Arabs
When Ali and Husayn(Ali’s son) was murdered by Mu’awiyah and creates the Umayyad dynasty
The Shia(Shiite)Muslim
Smaller group(13%) of muslims who believed Caliphs must be a descendent of Mohammed
Most terrorist are Shia(Iraq, Iran, Syria)
Sunni Muslims
Larger group(87%)
Believed Caliphs could be anyone
In Saudi, North Africa, Indonnesia(Largest Muslim country)
Peaceful
Sufi
Very conservative small group of sunni muslims who pursue poverty and devotions as the path to God
Umayyad dynasty(Caliphate)
Arab empire reached greatest size,conquered new lands
Moved capital from Mecca to Damascus
Umayyad dynasty was the first to unite all of Arab lands(common language-Arab,religion-islam, and law code-Sharia)
What is Jihad
Means struggle
Holy wars to spread Islam through conquest
What are non Muslims called
Infidel
Abbasid dynasty/caliphate
2nd dynasty
Golden age-period of scientific/artistic expression
Moved capital from Damascus to Baghdad
Overthrown by Genghis Khan and the mongals
Baghdad
Capital city during the Abbasid Caliphate
First multicultural Arab city(Arab,Byzantine,Indian, and Persians)
Center of knowledge,learning,medicine, and science
House of Wisdom
Intellectual center/school
Teachers/scholars all over the world
Intellectual explosion of learning
Calligraphy
The Muslim art of elegant handwriting
Arab legacy
1)Arabic number system
2)2nd largest religion
3)laid foundations for Algebra,medicine,surgery
4)first hospitals/pharmecies
5)calligraphy
6)coffee
Unifying factors
Language-Arab
Religion-Islam
Law-Sharia
