ROMANIAN ORPHAN STUDIES

Question 1

what are the two effects of institutionalization?

Answer 1

disinhibited attachment

damage to intellectual development

Question 2

what is disinhibited attachment?

Answer 2

child is equally friendly and affectionate to strangers and people they know

Question 3

what can disinhibited attachment be a product of?

Answer 3

adaptation to multiple caregivers

Question 4

what did Rutter conduct?

Answer 4

English Romanian Adoptee study

Question 5

what was the aim of Rutter’s research?

Answer 5

to test to what extent good care can make up for poor early experiences in institutions

Question 6

at what ages was physical cognitive and emotional development measured?

Answer 6

4, 6, 11 and 15

Question 7

what development were measured in Rutter research?

Answer 7

physical, emotional and cognitive

Question 8

who was the control group in Rutter’s research?

Answer 8

52 British adoptees

Question 9

what were Rutter’s findings of his experiment when looking at the orphans at the start?

Answer 9

half of the orphans showed signs of mental retardation when first coming into the UK

Question 10

what did recovery rates relate to at age 11?

Answer 10

the age of their adoption

Question 11

those adopted before six months had a mean IQ of..

Answer 11

102

Question 12

those adopted between six months and two years had a mean IQ of..

Answer 12

86

Question 13

those adopted after two years had a mean IQ of…

Answer 13

77

Question 14

what else was affected by the age of adoption?

Answer 14

the frequency of disinhibited attachment

Question 15

what did children adopted after six months have in relation to disinhibited attachment?

Answer 15

clinginess, attention-seeking and indiscriminate affection

Question 16

what did Rutter conclude from his study?

Answer 16

supports there is a sensitive period in development of attachments and without this attachment they can have long lasting effects

Question 17

who conducted the Bucharest Early Intervention Project?

Answer 17

Zeanah et al

Question 18

who was the sample for Zeanah et al’s experiment?

Answer 18

95 children aged 12-31 months who spent life in institutions

Question 19

who were the children in Zeanah et al’s study compared to?

Answer 19

a control group of 50 children who were never in institutional care

Question 20

Zeanah et al found that only __% of the institutionalized children were securely attached

Answer 20

19%

Question 21

what percentage of children in Zeanah et al’s study were classified with a disorganised attachment?

Answer 21

65%

Question 22

what does Romanian orphan studies have?

Answer 22

important practical application

Question 23

why does Rutter research have important practical application?

Answer 23

because the results have led to improvements in institutions

Question 24

how have children’s homes/institutions been improved found by Langton?

Answer 24

avoid having a large number of caregivers for each child and only have 1/2 key workers

Question 25

how does children only having 1/2 key workers improve their life?

Answer 25

gives the child a chance to develop and develop normal attachments, in order to avoid disinhibited attachment

Question 26

what does Romanian orphan studies have few of?

Answer 26

confounding variables

Question 27

what were previous confounding variables in other Romanian orphan studies?

Answer 27

they had experienced a loss which meant neglect, abuse and bereavement made it hard to observe the effects of institutionalization independently

Question 28

why did Romanian orphan studies allow the effects of institutionalization to be studied independently?

Answer 28

because most were abandoned at birth

Question 29

since Romanian orphan studies have fewer confounding variables what does this increase?

Answer 29

internal validity

Question 30

why are there issues with generalisability in Romanian studies?

Answer 30

because the conditions of orphanages were extremely bad, doesn't apply to institutional care

Question 31

what did Romanian orphanages struggle with especially?

Answer 31

forming any relationship with children

Question 32

what type of variable is it if the Romanian orphanages conditions are unique?

Answer 32

situational variables

Question 33

what is not clear in studies about institutionalized children?

Answer 33

the long term effects

Question 34

why are the long term effects of orphan studies not clear?

Answer 34

because adopted orphans have only been followed into their mid tens

Question 35

what can children who lag in intellectual development have a chance of?

Answer 35

have a chance of catching up when they are adults

Question 36

what can be said about fostered/adopted children in light of long term effects?

Answer 36

they could experience emotional problems as adults