BOWLBY'S THEORY OF MATERNAL DEPRIVATION

Question 1

what did Bowlby say was essential?

Answer 1

continued emotional care from the mother

Question 2

what did Bowlby say separation from the mother may lead to?

Answer 2

maternal deprivation

Question 3

the difference between separation and deprivation is…

Answer 3

losing emotional care due to separation

Question 4

does separation always cause deprivation?

Answer 4

no if alternative emotional care is offered

Question 5

how long was the critical period that Bowlby identified?

Answer 5

30 months

Question 6

what can happen as a result of maternal deprivation?

Answer 6

lowered intellectual development, such as an abnormally low IQ

Question 7

who found research to support that deprivation can lead to lowered intellectual development?

Answer 7

Goldfarb found lower IQ’s in children from institutions in comparison to foster children

Question 8

what can also happen as a result of maternal deprivation?

Answer 8

affectionless psychopathy due to lack of emotional development

Question 9

what was the procedure for Bowlby’s 44 Thieves?

Answer 9

44 delinquent teenagers

families interviewed to establish any prolonged maternal separation

Question 10

what were the 44 Thieves interviewed for?

Answer 10

affectionless psychopathy, with lack of affection, guilt and empathy

Question 11

what did Bowlby find after his 44 Thieves study?

Answer 11

14/44 affectionless psychopaths

12/44 prolonged maternal separation within age of 2

Question 12

what research can support maternal deprivation?

Answer 12

animal studies e.g. Levy et al

Question 13

what was Levy et al’s research?

Answer 13

separating baby rats from mother for even a day can have permanent effects on social development

Question 14

how can Levy et al’s research be criticised?

Answer 14

doubt to which extent animal studies can be generalised to human behaviour

Question 15

what research can criticise emotional consequences due to maternal deprivation?

Answer 15

Lewis who replicated study with 500 people

Question 16

what did Lewis find to criticise Bowlby?

Answer 16

early prolonged separation not predict criminality or difficulty forming relationships

Question 17

how does Lewis criticise Bowlby?

Answer 17

other factors may be more important that maternal separation

Question 18

what does Bowlby’s theory not distinguish according to Rutter?

Answer 18

the difference between deprivation and privation

Question 19

what is the difference between deprivation and privation?

Answer 19

deprivation is loss of primary attachment after bond

privation is failure to form an attachment at all

Question 20

what does Rutter argue?

Answer 20

that severe long term damage is a result of privation not deprivation

Question 21

how can Rutter’s point be applied to 44 Thieves?

Answer 21

many of thieves bounced between homes, so didn’t form a strong monotropic attachment therefore criminality can be due to privation not deprivation

Question 22

how can Goldfarb’s study be criticised?

Answer 22

orphans in institutions were traumatised and this could’ve caused developmental difficulties due to lack of care, not just maternal care

Question 23

what could’ve Bowlby’s evidence paired with Goldfarb’s be?

Answer 23

be biased because he carried out interviews himself, researcher imposition and researcher bias (applying own perspective onto results)