Roman Republic Test 3 Flashcards
Define clan:
Family with common ancestor
Define pater:
Word for father in roman times. Had life and death control over family.
Define tribe:
Number of clans with common beliefs or living region
Define fasces
Was the symbol of the king
An hatchet with sticks bound around it
Define imperator
Was the commander of a victorious army; where we get the words empire and emperor.
Ruled with supreme authority and power
Define patrician
Upper class person nobility/rich.
Define plebeian
Lower class, not nobility, most likely not rich
Define republic
Form of govt where voting citizens control the power of the government
Define plebiscite
Resolutions passed by the council of Plebeians.
Define veto
A phrase that the tribunes would yell meaning I forbid he was able to protect the interests of the common people by stopping unjust acts of
Patrician officials
Define triumvirate
All three men ruled Rome together
None had complete power to take over
Crassus Pompey Caesar
Define Punic
Punici was the roman word for Phoenicians
Define League of Seven Hills
Seven villages formed the beginning of Rome on the edge of the Tiber River.
Define Pyrrhic victory
Win the battle but lose the war
Pyrrhus had a terrible victory- won against the Romans but lost his entire army
Define Crossing the Rubicon
No turning back! Caesar declares war on Rome, wins against Pompey, and declares himself dictator for life.
Define Senate
Became the most important/powerful body of the republic. Part of several political bodies in roman republic
Define Tiberius Gracchus
Was of noble birth Proposed changes in rimes and policy Had many political enemies Was a tribune once murder along with many of his followers by senators
Define Apennines
Were mountains that went down the Italian peninsula
Define Tiber River
River that ran next to Rome
Define Ides of March
Day Caesar was assassinated in senate chamber
March 15
How did Rome receive its name?
Twin brothers Romulus and Remus
Romulus murdered Remus and founded/named the city after himself.
Explain the Law of Twelve Tables
Was the foundation of roman law
They were placed in the roman forum
What is the Julian calendar and how did it begin?
The Julian calendar is the precursor to the Gregorian calendar.
Julian calendar was created by mathematicians and named by Julius Caesar after himself. 365 1/4 days= year
Why was Rome called a republic?
Because it was ruled by people for the people and provided a government type other than a monarchy with more freedom
Describe the Punic Wars: who, what, when, where & how
There were three Punic wars and they were before the civil wars.
The first civil war was fought over control of the island of Sicily. Romans won against Carthaginians.
Second war Carthaginians attacked Romans Hannibal used new tactics to terrorize Romans. Surprisingly Rome wins again after defeats such as at the battle of cannae. Scipio lead Romans to this war victory
Third war was caused by Carthage broke provisions of her treaty. Carthage decides to fight instead of do what Rome says and Romans come in and destroy Carthage. Romans win third Punic war.
Describe the three civil wars in the republic: who, what, when, where & how
Why: tribal assembly & senate outbreak of corruption cause war
Marius (tribal assembly) and Sulla ( senate)competing rivalry
Much bloodshed
Sulla becomes dictator of Rome try’s to make senate stable then resigns senate is still not stable. Senate triumphant over tribal assembly.
Second civil war: Crassus, Pompey and Julia’s Caesar became triumvirate over Rome. Ends up dissolving and Caesar takes control of Rome over Pompey. Crassus dies while in another battle with some other group. Crossing the rubicon saying comes from when Caesar does just that. No turning back. Caesar is murdered.
Third civil war: Octavius and Anthony gains control of of Rome. Can’t share country. War between them, Octavius wins Abdul takes control of Rome.
Essay question: 3-4 paragraphs: in what way is it true to say that “all roads lead to Rome?”
The Romans built 50,000 miles of main roads and 200,000 miles of other roads. This is an amazing feat to think about in itself that people with simple tools, rocks, and workers could do such work. The roads were elevated in the middle so that water would drain off of them and not ruin the roads. The roads were anywhere from 8-24 feet in width.
The roman roads were constructed so that the roman army could reach the vast parts of the empire in a hurry without having to go over rugged terrain.
Even though the roman roads were constructed for the use of the roman army, the roads were later used by Christians as they carried the gospel through the Roman world.
