ROM, Flexibility and mobility Flashcards
when is it good to do a warm-up
before physical activity
before applying stress to the body in rehab
what happens in a warm up
increased:
BF, Temp, M. activation, Coordination, Elasticity, Mindset, HR, BP, RR, O2, Nutrients
decreased:
risk of injury, viscosity in joints
what are the components of a warm-up
general warm-up (5-10 min)
specific warm-up (20-30min)
what can affect ROM
swelling
pain/apprehension
bony block
tissue approx
joint mechanics
strength
flex
inactivity
decrease in accessory movements at the joints
surgical or trauma insults
what is a ROM
movement available at a joint between 2 bones
what is flexibilty
ability of a joint to move through a full ROM without injury
what can affect flexibility
scar tissue
increased firing of muscle
poor use of muscle
what are arthrokinematics
movement at a joint we can’t see
what are osteokinematics
a movement we can see
what are needed to get a full ROM
arthro and osteokinematics
what is a roll
new points on one surface come in contact with new points of another surface
what is a glide
movement where a constant point on one surface comes into contact with a new point on another surface
what is the rule of accessory movements
males are illogical
females are logical
what is named before a roll or a glide
roll
what movements are ant/post
flexion-extension
external-internal rotation
what movements are superior/inferior
abd-add
can neurological and muscular diseases affect ROM
yes
what are the 3 types of ROM
active
passive
resisted
when do we use PROM
in a region where there is acute, inflamed tissue
when patient is unable to actively move a segment of the body
what are the goals of PROM
- maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
- minimize contracture
- maintain elasticity of m.
- assist circulation and vascular dynamics
- enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition and diffusion of material in the joint
- decrease or inhibit pain
- assist in healing process after injury or surgery
- help maintain patient’s awareness of movement
when do we use AROM
when a patient is able to contract the muscles and move the segment without assistance
when a segment of the body is immobilized for a period of time AROM is used above and below
can AROM be used if a patient has weak musculature
yes, assisted-active rom
what are the goals of AROM
same as PROM
maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of a m.
provide sensory feedback from contracting m.
provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity
increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation
develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities
what plays a strong role in AROM
gravity, especially at the beginning
what are the types of stretching
static
dynamic
PNF
muscle energy techniques
what is static flexibility
degree to which a segment can be passively moved through the available ROM without pain and injury
what is static flexibility dependant on
extensibility of m. and connective tissue that cross and surround the joint
what does static stretch allow
relaxation of m.
building of PROM
when is static stretch used
early in rehab
at home
what is dynamic flexibility
the degree to which an active muscle contraction moves a body segment through the available ROM of a joint without pain or injury
what is dynamic flex dependant on
the degree to which a joint can be moved by a m. contraction and the amount of tissue resistance met during the active movement
what are the guidelines for static stretch
low intensity, low load
tissues elongated just passed the point of tissue resistance
what is mobility
amount and availability of articular ROM combined in a movement pattern
mix of flex and ROM
by what is mobility defined
combination of neuromotor tone
neuromuscular control
connective tissue extensibility
joint mechanics
what is facilitated +ve
m. contracting when its supposed to
what is facilitated -ve
m. contracting when not supposed to
hat is inhibited +vs
m. relaxed when supposed to
what is inhibited -ve
muscle relaxed when not supposed to
what are the guidelines for dynamic stretching
minimum 10 reps
progressively increase ROM
progressively increase speed
contract m. as you go through ROM
what is PNF stretching
used to relax spastic muscles in individuals with a neurological muscular disorder
what does the GTO do
inhibits m. contraction when senses tension
what does the muscle spindle do
reflex contraction when senses tension
what is reciprocal inhibition
submaximal contraction of the opposite m. of the target m. to be stretched
what is autogenic inhibition
submaximal contraction of the m. that is followed by a stretch of that m.
what are the 3 types of PNF stretches
hold-relax
contract-relax
slow revesal hold-relax
