ROM, Flexibility and mobility

Question 1

when is it good to do a warm-up

Answer 1

before physical activity
before applying stress to the body in rehab

Question 2

what happens in a warm up

Answer 2

increased:
BF, Temp, M. activation, Coordination, Elasticity, Mindset, HR, BP, RR, O2, Nutrients
decreased:
risk of injury, viscosity in joints

Question 3

what are the components of a warm-up

Answer 3

general warm-up (5-10 min)
specific warm-up (20-30min)

Question 4

what can affect ROM

Answer 4

swelling
pain/apprehension
bony block
tissue approx
joint mechanics
strength
flex
inactivity
decrease in accessory movements at the joints
surgical or trauma insults

Question 5

what is a ROM

Answer 5

movement available at a joint between 2 bones

Question 6

what is flexibilty

Answer 6

ability of a joint to move through a full ROM without injury

Question 7

what can affect flexibility

Answer 7

scar tissue
increased firing of muscle
poor use of muscle

Question 8

what are arthrokinematics

Answer 8

movement at a joint we can’t see

Question 9

what are osteokinematics

Answer 9

a movement we can see

Question 10

what are needed to get a full ROM

Answer 10

arthro and osteokinematics

Question 11

what is a roll

Answer 11

new points on one surface come in contact with new points of another surface

Question 12

what is a glide

Answer 12

movement where a constant point on one surface comes into contact with a new point on another surface

Question 13

what is the rule of accessory movements

Answer 13

males are illogical
females are logical

Question 14

what is named before a roll or a glide

Answer 14

roll

Question 15

what movements are ant/post

Answer 15

flexion-extension
external-internal rotation

Question 16

what movements are superior/inferior

Answer 16

abd-add

Question 17

can neurological and muscular diseases affect ROM

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

what are the 3 types of ROM

Answer 18

active
passive
resisted

Question 19

when do we use PROM

Answer 19

in a region where there is acute, inflamed tissue
when patient is unable to actively move a segment of the body

Question 20

what are the goals of PROM

Answer 20

1. maintain joint and connective tissue mobility
2. minimize contracture
3. maintain elasticity of m.
4. assist circulation and vascular dynamics
5. enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition and diffusion of material in the joint
6. decrease or inhibit pain
7. assist in healing process after injury or surgery
8. help maintain patient’s awareness of movement

Question 21

when do we use AROM

Answer 21

when a patient is able to contract the muscles and move the segment without assistance
when a segment of the body is immobilized for a period of time AROM is used above and below

Question 22

can AROM be used if a patient has weak musculature

Answer 22

yes, assisted-active rom

Question 23

what are the goals of AROM

Answer 23

same as PROM
maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of a m.
provide sensory feedback from contracting m.
provide a stimulus for bone and joint tissue integrity
increase circulation and prevent thrombus formation
develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities

Question 24

what plays a strong role in AROM

Answer 24

gravity, especially at the beginning

Question 25

what are the types of stretching

Answer 25

static
dynamic
PNF
muscle energy techniques

Question 26

what is static flexibility

Answer 26

degree to which a segment can be passively moved through the available ROM without pain and injury

Question 27

what is static flexibility dependant on

Answer 27

extensibility of m. and connective tissue that cross and surround the joint

Question 28

what does static stretch allow

Answer 28

relaxation of m.
building of PROM

Question 29

when is static stretch used

Answer 29

early in rehab
at home

Question 30

what is dynamic flexibility

Answer 30

the degree to which an active muscle contraction moves a body segment through the available ROM of a joint without pain or injury

Question 31

what is dynamic flex dependant on

Answer 31

the degree to which a joint can be moved by a m. contraction and the amount of tissue resistance met during the active movement

Question 32

what are the guidelines for static stretch

Answer 32

low intensity, low load
tissues elongated just passed the point of tissue resistance

Question 33

what is mobility

Answer 33

amount and availability of articular ROM combined in a movement pattern
mix of flex and ROM

Question 34

by what is mobility defined

Answer 34

combination of neuromotor tone
neuromuscular control
connective tissue extensibility
joint mechanics

Question 35

what is facilitated +ve

Answer 35

m. contracting when its supposed to

Question 36

what is facilitated -ve

Answer 36

m. contracting when not supposed to

Question 37

hat is inhibited +vs

Answer 37

m. relaxed when supposed to

Question 38

what is inhibited -ve

Answer 38

muscle relaxed when not supposed to

Question 39

what are the guidelines for dynamic stretching

Answer 39

minimum 10 reps
progressively increase ROM
progressively increase speed
contract m. as you go through ROM

Question 40

what is PNF stretching

Answer 40

used to relax spastic muscles in individuals with a neurological muscular disorder

Question 41

what does the GTO do

Answer 41

inhibits m. contraction when senses tension

Question 42

what does the muscle spindle do

Answer 42

reflex contraction when senses tension

Question 43

what is reciprocal inhibition

Answer 43

submaximal contraction of the opposite m. of the target m. to be stretched

Question 44

what is autogenic inhibition

Answer 44

submaximal contraction of the m. that is followed by a stretch of that m.

Question 45

what are the 3 types of PNF stretches

Answer 45

hold-relax
contract-relax
slow revesal hold-relax