Neuromuscular control Proprioception

Question 1

feedback control

Answer 1

stimulation of a corrected response within a system after sensory detection

Question 2

feedforward control

Answer 2

anticipatory actions occurring before the sensory detection of a homeostasis disruption

Question 3

what systems provide the information required for both responses in motor activities

Answer 3

somatosensory, visual and vestibular

Question 4

what are we interested in with joint perturbation

Answer 4

onset latency of muscle activation
the goal is to decrease it

Question 5

what is stability

Answer 5

state of a joint remaining or promptly returning to alignment through equalization of forces

Question 6

ruffini endings

Answer 6

static and dynamic receptors
low threshold, slow adapting

Question 7

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 7

dynamic receptors
low threshold, quick adapting

Question 8

GTO

Answer 8

very low threshold, high dynamic sensitivity
provide CNS with feedback concerning the muscle tension

Question 9

muscle spindles

Answer 9

mainly sensitive to changes in muscle length, or rate of change in muscle length

Question 10

what do mechanoreceptors do

Answer 10

creates a neurological signal to the CNS from mechanical deformation

Question 11

what is neuromuscular control?

Answer 11

coordinated muscle activity
dynamic joint stability
postural control
optimal movement patterns

Question 12

what is often affected by injury

Answer 12

neuromuscular control

Question 13

what does the axis correspond with

Answer 13

spinal cord
brainstem
cerebral cortex

Question 14

what are some associated areas of the central axis

Answer 14

cerebellum
basal ganglia

Question 15

what are the levels of motor control responsible for

Answer 15

modulating and regulating motor commands

Question 16

what major circuit controls postural equilibrium

Answer 16

brainstem

Question 17

what other function does the brainstem have

Answer 17

automatic and stereotype movements of the body
directly regulates and modulate motor activity from visual, vestibular and somatosensory information

Question 18

for what is the brainstem a relay station

Answer 18

from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex

Question 19

what movements does the cerebral cortex initiate

Answer 19

complexe and discrete voluntary movements

Question 20

what is the cerebral cortex responsible for

Answer 20

organization and preparation of motor commands
choosing the muscle to be activated, force produces and direction of movement
programming complex sequences of movement

Question 21

t/f the cerebellum and basal ganglia can independently initiate motor activity

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what are the associated areas essential for

Answer 22

execution of coordinated motor control

Question 23

what is the role of the cerebellum at the subconscious level

Answer 23

planning and modification of motor activities through comparison of intended movement and outcome movement

Question 24

what is the role of basal ganglia

Answer 24

higher order, cognitive aspects of motor control

Question 25

what can impair proprioception

Answer 25

joint injury
muscle damage
joint swelling