role of cytology and biopsy in breast disease Flashcards
1
Q
cytology
A
microscopic examination of thin layer of cells on slide
2
Q
how are cytology samples obtained
A
fine needle aspiration
direct smear from nipple discharge
scrape of nipple with scalpel
3
Q
FNA technique
A
- insert 23G needle, 10ml syringe
- aspirate using in and out action applying negative needs on syringe
- release pressure and remove needle
4
Q
benign cytology
A
- low/moderate cellularity
- cohesive groups of cells
- flat sheets of cells
- bare oval nuclei in background
- cells uniform size
- uniform chromatin pattern
5
Q
malignant cytology
A
- high cellularity
- crowding/overlapping of cells
- loss of cohesion
- nuclear pleomorphism
- nuclear pleomorphism
- hyperchromasia
- absence of bipolar nucleu
6
Q
cytology scoring system: C1
A
unsatisfacotry/insufficient cells for diagnosis
7
Q
cytology scoring system: C2
A
benign
8
Q
cytology scoring system: C3
A
atypia (probably benign)
9
Q
cytology scoring system: C4
A
suspicious (probs malignancy)
10
Q
cytology scoring system: C5
A
malignant
11
Q
cysts
A
aspiration is curative
fluid discarded unless bloodstained or there is residual mass
12
Q
cytology advantages
A
simple procedure - done at clinic
well tolerated
inexpensive
immed results
13
Q
cytology limitations
A
false negs/posis invasion cant be assessed grading cant be done lesion missed difficult to examine cells
14
Q
complications of FNA
A
pain haematoma fainting infection pneumothorax
15
Q
when core biopsy
A
- all cases with clinical or radiological or cytological suspicion
- breast screening
- pre-op classification
