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breast > normal anatomy and develoment > Flashcards

normal anatomy and develoment Flashcards

1
Q

when do mammary crests/ridges appear

A

during 4th week

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2
Q

where do mammary crests extend between

A

extend from axillary region to inguinal region

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3
Q

breast

A

2ry sexual feature of females
source of nutrition for the neonate
present in a rudimetary form in males

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4
Q

general features of breast

A

modified and highly specialised sweat glands

size and shape result from genetic, racial and dietary factors

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5
Q

vertical extent of breast

A

2/3rd rib to 6th rib

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6
Q

transverse extent of breast

A

sternal edge to mid-axillary line

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7
Q

axillary tail/process

A

small part of breast

may extend toward axillary fossa

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8
Q

retromammary space (bursa)

A

helps some degree of movement

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9
Q

what does breast rest on

A

2/3rds on pectoral fascia covering pectoralis major

1/3 on fascia covering serratus anterior

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10
Q

how is breast attatched to dermis

A

by suspensory ligament of cooper

helps support the lobules of the gland

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11
Q

nipple

A

prominence of the breast

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12
Q

areola

A

pigmented area around nipple

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13
Q

what does each breast contain

A

15-20 lobules of glandular tissue (parenchyma)

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14
Q

what drains the lobules

A

lactiferous duct - opens independentaly on the nipple

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15
Q

dilated portion of each lactiferous duct

A

lactiferous sinus

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16
Q

nipple

A

collagenous dense connective tissue, elastic fibres and bands of smooth muscle

tips of nipples are fissured with lactiferous ducts opening into them

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17
Q

position of nipple

A

variable

4th IC space

18
Q

areola

A

skin covering the nipple and areola contain numerous swear and sebaceous glands

oily material secreted by sebaceous glands provides protective lubricant for nipple + areola

19
Q

breast quadrants

A

superolateral
superomedial
inferolateral
inferomedial

20
Q

what quadrant of breast is axillary tail in

A

axillary tail in an extension of the breast tissue in the supero-lateral quadrant

21
Q

male breast

A

rudimentary throughout life

formed by small ducts without lobules or alveoli

22
Q

gynaecomastia

A

postnatal development of rudimentary lactiferous ducts in males

23
Q

polymastia

A

extra breast

24
Q

polythelia

A

extra nipple

25
Q

athelia or amastia

A

absence of nipple or breast

26
Q

blood supply to breast

A

branches of axillary artery, internal thoracic artery and some intercostal arteries

thoraco-acromial artery
lateral thoracic artery
internal mammary artery

27
Q

nerve supply to breast

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

sensory fibers and also sympathetic supply to blood vessels and smooth muscle around nipple

28
Q

breast lymphatic drainage

A

lateral quadrantals - axillary nodes
medial quadrants - parasternal nodes or to opposite breast

some lymph may drain directly to supraclavicular or inferior cervical nodes

29
Q

sentinel lymph node

A

first draining node

30
Q

breast soft tissue

A

made up of lobes which contain network of glandular tissue consisting of branching ducts and secretory lobules in connective tissue stroma

31
Q

terminal duct lobular unit

A

the functional milk secretory component of the breast

32
Q

connective tissue stroma surrounding the lobules vs intralobular tissue

A

The connective tissue stroma that surrounds the lobules is dense and fibrocollagenous, whereas intralobular tissue has a loose texture

33
Q

ducts and acini lined by 2 layes of cells

A

luminal epithelial cells

myoepithelial cells

34
Q

what surrounds the branching duct system

A

dense fibrous interlobular tissue and adipose tissue

35
Q

prepubertal breast

A

neonatal breast contains lactiferous ducts but no alveoli

until puberty little branching of duct occurs

36
Q

breast changes during puberty

A

branching of lactiferous ducts
solid, spheroidal masses of granular polyhedral cells - alveoli
accumulation of lipids in the apidocytes

37
Q

post menopausal breast changes

A

progressive atrophy of lobules and ducts

fatty replacement of glandular tissue

38
Q

breast during pregnancy

A

enlarged lobules
acini are dilated
epithelium vary from cuboidal to low columnar

colostrum

39
Q

lactating breast

A

acini distended w milk
thin septa between lobules
milk production

40
Q

benign breast tumourrs

A

fibroadenomas
duct papillomas
adenomas
connective tissue tumours

41
Q

paget’s disease of nipple

A

erosion of nipple resembling eczema

assoc with ductal or invasive carcinoma

breast (14 decks)

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