Role & functions of the education system Flashcards
Outline the perspectives focused on in role of education
- Functionalism-a consensus approach-education benefits society as a whole
- Neoliberalism & new right-conservative free market approach
- Marxist-class conflict approach see education as a tool used to exploit WC
- Feminists-education reinforces patriarchy
General Functionalist View on Education
> functions of society promotes value consensus & social solidarity, teaches key norms & values of education
Functionalism & Education (Key Studies)
> Durkheim (Specialist skills & Social Solidarity)
Parsons (Universal values & Particularistic Values & Meritocracy)
Davis & Moore (Role Allocation)
Blau & Duncan (Human Capital)
Durkheim (Specialist skills & Social Solidarity)
identified 2 main functions of education
Functionalists
> Functions of society-create social solidarity & teaching specialist skills
education system helps create social solidarity by transmitting societies culture
>e.g teaching nations shared history instills shared heritage & commitment
school is ‘society in miniature’ preparing us for wider society
> education teaches specialist skills for workplace preparation
Parsons (Universalistic Values & Particularistic Values & Meritocracy)
Functionalists
Meritocracy-everyone given equal opportunities & individuals achieve rewards through own efforts-fair
> sees school as ‘focal socialising agent’ act as-bridge between family & wider society
needed because family & society operate on diff principles
> e.g in family child judged by particularistic standards-rules only apply to children
the childs status is ascribed in fam(fixed at birth)
> schools judge pupils on universalitistic standards e.g in society same laws apply to everyone
in schools -pupils judged by same standards-e.g all sit in same exam room
In school & wider society-persons status is achieved-pass or fail through own efforts
> Meritocratic allows for social mobility, anything possible with hard work all have an equal chance
Parsons-school prepares us to move from family to wider society -school & society based on meritcractic princuipesl
ignores inequality & racism?
Davis & Moore (Role Allocation)
Functionalists
Schools perform function of selecting & allocating pupils based on academic merit
by assessing pupils abilities through aptitude testst schools help match pupils to jobs best suited to
> most able gain highest qualifications-highly rewarded positons
> Inequality necessary to motivate hard work encouraging to compete for them
Blau & Duncan (Human Capital)
Functionalists
> Human capital is skills, talents, creativity, making us an economic asset to society
> Gives trained/flexible workforce. puts person in job, best suited to their ability, maximises talents & productivity.
A03 Functionalism (Key Studies)
> Wrong (Interactionist)
Hargreaves
Marxists
Interactionists
New right-state education fails to prepare young ppl adequately for work
A03 of Functionalists-marxists
Functionalsits see education instills shared values of society
marxists argue education in capitalist society only transmits ideology of rulling class
A03 of functionalsits
Class divisions
Durkheim-education promotes social solidarity
however education can be divised -due to heirarchy of schools & universities-seperating social classes
Wrong - A03 Functionalism (KS)
> functionalists have an Oversocialized view of people as passive puppets, accept everything taught e.g. some rebel
Hargreaves - A03 Functionalism (KS)
> Education promotes competition & individualism rather than shared values
What is the General Outlook of the Marxist Approach on Education?
> Marx see education based on class divisions & capitalist exploitation
Educatiobn Reproduces class inequality.
Legitimates class inequality.
Works in the interests of capitalist employers
Outline 4 Key Marxist Thikers & what they advocate?
> Althusser: (Ideological State Apparatus, Reproduction and Legitimation of Inequality)
Bowles and Ginits (Correspondence Principle)
Hidden Curriculum
Willis (Anti-School Subcultures)
Outline Althussers Ideological state apparatus & Repressive state apparatus
Marxist
two states that serve power of bourgeoisie
- Repressive state apparatuses(RSAs)- maintains rule of bourgeoisie by force RSA’s include police,courts -use physical force to repress WC
- The ideological state apparatus-maintains rule of bourgeoise by controlling ppls ideas, values & beliefs e.g through religion,media
- Schools part of Ideological State Apparatus, brainwash WC into accepting exploitation
- Spreading dominant ideology of capitalism.
- Thus instilling belief it’s normal to prevent revolution
Explain Althusser’s Ideas of the Legitimation of Social Inequality through Education?
Marxist
> Money decides how good an education you get, but people don’t realize as schools spread the ‘myth of meritocracy.’
If we fail, we believe it is our own fault, as we feel system is fair when in reality it’s not
Thus have effect of controlling working class, as kids grow up believing they had fair chance they’re less likely to rebel and create a revolution.