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Question 1

Advantages of HDI

Answer 1

○ It acknowledges and addresses the broader socio economic factors impacting human development.
○ It is not one dimensional ;it combines dimensions of health ,education and living standards.
○ The HDI has captured the attention of media, policy makers, communities and individuals. As a result, it has raised awareness of the importance of human development.

Question 2

Limitations of HDI

Answer 2

○ The rating between 0 and 1 do not tell us anything about the individual dimensions.
○ Lower income countries may not have reliable data for indicators such as life expectancy at birth or mean years of school due to not everything being recorded by the government, This means that the HDI, an index relies on such data, may be slightly inaccurate
The HDI only reflects selected aspects of human development and therefore does not capture the richness and depth of human development.

Question 3

Key benefits of tourism:

Answer 3

· Inclusive and sustainable economic growth — tourism accounts for 10percent of the world’s GDP and this trend is set to continue.
Social inclusiveness and employment — one in every 11 jobs globally is provided by the tourism industry, and more than half of international tourists will travel to low- and middle-income countries. Almost twice as many women are employed in the tourism sector compared to any other sector, and this provides employment opportunities and increased empowerment of women and gender equality

Question 4

Two challenges that are associated with tourism:

Answer 4

· It can create environmental challenges, cause overcrowding and put pressure on local infrastructure and services,. The capacity of local infrastructure to dispose of liquid and solid wastes may be strained by having to treat the additional wastes generated by tourism activities. These wastes can contaminate water supplies.
· Tourism can also be considered a threat to health and wellbeing. Increasing international air travel, trade and tourism can result in disease-producing organisms being transported rapidly from one country to another.

Question 5

Human Development:

Answer 5

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential, and lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in their community, and decisions affecting lives.

Question 6

Health development index

Answer 6

• The HDI is a tool developed by the United Nations to rank countries based on their social and economic development. It has 3 dimensions (a long and healthy life, knowledge & a decent standard of living) and 4 indicators (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and GNI per capita).