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EXOTICS > Rodents > Flashcards

Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dental formula of rodents?

A

1013/1013

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2
Q

Where can you blood sample a rat?

A

Lat tail vein

Femoral vein

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3
Q

Where can you blood sample a mouse?

A

Lat tail vein

Femoral vein

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4
Q

Where can you blood sample a chincilla?

A

Cranial vena cava
Jugular vein
Femoral vein

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5
Q

Where can you blood sample a guinea pig?

A

Cranial vena cava
Femoral vein
Ear vein

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6
Q

Where can you blood sample a hamster?

A 
Femoral vein
Cardiac puncture (euthanasia)
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7
Q

How do you sample the cranial vena cava (and from which animals)?

A

Guinea pigs and chincillas

Insert needle cranial to 1st rib and angle toward opposite hindleg.

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8
Q

What is the pH of urine in i) a guinea pig, and ii) a chinchilla?

A

i) 9

ii) 8.5

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9
Q

What is the specific gravity of rodent urine?

A

> 1.045

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10
Q

Where can IM injections be given?

A

Quadriceps m. (but avoid- PAINFUL)

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11
Q

What is the maintenance fluid therapy rate?

A

100ml/kg/day

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12
Q

Which is the best site for intraosseous catheterisation?

A

Trochanteric fossa or tibial crest

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13
Q

Why is nutritional support important in rodents?

A

Prone to hypoglycaemia and gastric stasis/hepatic lipidosis.

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14
Q

What is a critical complication of diarrhoea in guinea pigs and hamsters?

A

Enterotoxaemia

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15
Q

What agent causes proliferative ileitis in hamsters?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of proliferative ileitis?

A 
Lethargy
Anorexia
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Watery foul smelling diarrhoea
DEATH within 24-48 hours!!
17
Q

How is proliferative ileitis treated?

A

Tetracycline orally + supportive therapy

18
Q

Which antibiotics are responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhoea in hamsters?

A 
PLACE:
Penicillins
Lincosamides
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Erythromycin

Kills normal gut flora allowing Clostridium spiriforme to proliferate

19
Q

What are the most common respiratory diseases of rats?

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

20
Q

What are the most common respiratory diseases of guinea pigs?

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica

Streptococcus pneumoniae

21
Q

What are the most common respiratory diseases of mice?

A

Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus

Sendai virus

22
Q

What is the cause of urolithiasis in guinea pigs?

A

Diets high in calcium/oxalate, bacterial infections

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of urolithiasis in guinea pigs?

A

Dysuria
Haematuria
Stranguria
General depression

24
Q

How is renal disease treated in rodents?

A

Reduce dietary protein intake (4-7%)

25
Q

What is the cause of flystrike in guinea pigs?

A

Older/obese guinea pigs can’t reach anus to eat caecal pellets at night, so perineum becomes caked in faeces

26
Q

What is the cause of pregnancy toxaemia in guinea pigs?

A

Obese pregnant female
Toxic form: foetal displacement causes impaired uterine blood supply, causing ischaemia, foetal death, DIC
Metabolic form: stressor -> toxaemia

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxaemia in the guinea pig?

A 
Depression
Anorexia
Abortion
Salivation
Ketonuria + ketones on breath
Convulsions
Coma -> DEATH
28
Q

How is pregnancy toxaemia in the guinea pig treated?

A

Dextrose + fluids OR propylene glycol, steroids, calcium gluconate

29
Q

What are the Vitamin C daily requirements of guinea pigs?

A

10mg/kg (as like primates they can’t synthesize it from glucose)- need 30mg/kg in pregnancy/illness

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypovitaminosis in guinea pigs?

A 
Rough hair coat
Scaling of pinnae
Lethargy
Weakness
Wasting
Hypersalivation
Anorexia
Unsteady gait
Painful locomotion
Gingival H+
Loose teeth
Loose foul-smelling faeces
31
Q

How is hypovitaminosis C treated in the guinea pig?

A

50-100mg/kg daily of vitamin C (resolves within 7 days)

32
Q

What is the common species predilection and cause of conjunctivitis in rodents?

A

Chinchillas- dust baths causing ocular irritation

33
Q

What are the common mammary tumours in i) rats and ii) mice?

A

i) Benign fibroadenomas

ii) Malignant adenocarcinoma

34
Q

What is the cause of cavian leukaemia?

A

Lymphosarcoma- assoc w/ type C retroviral infection

35
Q

What is the most and second most common cancer in hamsters?

A
  1. Melanomas

2. Epitheliotropic lymphoma

36
Q

What are the common causes of torticollis in rodents?

A

Central lesions e.g. pituitary adenomas
Bacterial infection (secondary to respiratory infection)
Aural papillomas/polyps (GERBILS)

37
Q

What is the common cause of symmetrical alopecia in guinea pigs and gerbils?

A

Cystic ovarian disease

38
Q

When should food be removed pre-anaesthesia in rodents?

A

NEVER- DO NOT FAST as prone to hypoglycaemia and gut stasis. May remove 1 hour before in guinea pigs and chinchillas to ensure there is no food in the pharynx

39
Q

When do guinea pigs become sexually mature?

A

Female: 4-6 weeks
Male: 9-10 weeks

EXOTICS (7 decks)

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