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EXOTICS > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

Which reptiles are ‘arodonts’?

A

Arodont = teeth not replaced

Chameleons + agamids

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2
Q

What is the maintenance fluid rate for reptiles?

A

30ml/kg/day, can only give 1% BW at any one time

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3
Q

What are the routes for giving fluid therapy to reptiles?

A 
Bathing- if mildly debilitated
Stomach tubing- more severe, 1% BW 4x/day
Parenteral- seriously ill, 1% BW 4x/day:
-epicoelomic
-intracoelomic
-intracystic
-intraosseous
-intravenous
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4
Q

When should you begin feeding a sick reptile?

A

Once urination is achieved after 1% BW 4x/day

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5
Q

How can faecal samples be taken from snakes?

A

Snakes void infrequently- so perform caecal flush using 1% BW warmed saline.

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6
Q

How is coccidiosis treated in bearded dragons and snakes?

A

Toltrazuril

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7
Q

How are ascarids and oxyurids treated in chelonians and lizards?

A

Fenbendazole

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of cryptosporidium in i) lizards and ii) snakes.

A

Lizards: SI disease - wasting
Snakes: hyperplasia of stomach mucus glands + hypertrophy of stomach = large mid-body swelling, regurgitation, emaciation

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9
Q

Which species should ivermectin not be administered to?

A

Chelonians- enters CNS + causes flaccid paralysis.

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10
Q

Where can blood samples be taken from chelonians?

A

Jugular or carotid artery: lymph dilution poss, haematoma risk
Subcarapacial sinus: spinal nerve damage risk, lymph dilution poss
Dorsal coccygeal tail vein: useful for aggressive species

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11
Q

Where can blood samples be taken from squamates?

A

Ventral tail vein
Jugular vein
Cardiac puncture (in snakes, stabilise heart to stop it moving)

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12
Q

Describe the aetiology of aural abscesses in chelonians.

A

Ascending infection from pharynx (but hypovitaminosis A causes squamous metaplasia of the ear and prediposes to infection)

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13
Q

At what snout-to-vent length % are the following organs in snakes: heart, lungs, stomach?

A

Heart: 33%
Lungs: 45%
Stomach: 55-65%

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14
Q

Which lung is functional in snakes?

A

Right

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15
Q

How many breaths per minute is used to ventilate reptiles?

A

6 per minute

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16
Q

At what point are haemostats advanced during oesophagostomy tube placement in: i) chelonians, and ii) lizards?

A

Chelonians: as far as possible
Lizards: behind mandible

17
Q

Where should endoscopy be placed in i) chelonians, ii) lizards, and iii) snakes?

A

CHELONIANS: prefemoral fossa
LIZARDS: left sublumbar region just behind ribcage
SNAKES: right side between ribs

18
Q

List the causes of dysecdysis.

A

Lack of humidity
Skin infections/trauma
General debility

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of dysecdysis?

A

Constricted digits/tail
Obscured vision
Dyspnoea- if obscuring nares

20
Q

What is the cause of pyramidding in chelonians?

A

Low humidity and high protein diet

21
Q

List the 2 common causes of respiratory disease in chelonians.

A

Mycoplasma agassizzi

Chelonian hepresvirus 1 + 2

22
Q

Describe the aetiology of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in reptiles.

A

Dietary calcium deficiency
Imbalanced calcium : phosphorous ratio
Hypovitaminosis D

23
Q

Describe the aetiology of reptilian renal disease.

A

Uric acid actively secreted- blocks tubules causing chronic renal disease with fibrosis and tubulonephrosis.

24
Q

What is the treatment of renal disease in reptiles?

A

Allopurinol

25
Q

How is post-ovulatory egg stasis treated in reptiles?

A

Supportive care until stable, then induce using oxytocin. If this fails, surgical removal.

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of septicaemia in snakes?

A

Anorexia
Flushed reddening on the ventral scales
Spinal osteoarthritis

27
Q

What is the cause of paramyxovirus?

A

Ophidian paramyxovirus (OPMV)

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of paramyxovirus?

A

ACUTE: sudden death
CHRONIC: resp/gastro signs e.g. regurgitation

29
Q

Which reptiles get inclusion body disease?

A

Pythons and boas.

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of inclusion body disease?

A

Neurological signs
Weight loss
Regurgitation

31
Q

What is the parasite that causes severe pruritus and anaemia in snakes?

A

Snake mites- Ophionyssus natricus

32
Q

How are snake mites treated?

A

Ivermectin or fiprinol

EXOTICS (7 decks)

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