Rocks And Minerals Flashcards
1
Q
Igneous rock
A
"Born of fire" Once molten (it's cooled magma) Two types (intrusive and extrusive)
2
Q
What is a rock?
A
Naturally occurring combinations or COHERENT AGGREGATES of minerals, fossils, or other hard materials
-classified by the way they form
3
Q
Intrusive igneous
A
- plutonic
- cool slowly beneath earth’s surface
- large crystals form
4
Q
Extrusive igneous
A
- volcanic
- cool rapidly above earth’s surface
- smaller crystals form
5
Q
Sedimentary rocks
A
- composed of particles derived from pre-existing rocks OR
- crystallization of minerals that were held in solutions
- general characteristic is layering or stratification
- two types: fragmental/clastic, chemical
6
Q
Fragmental/clastic sedimentary
A
- composed of particles of pre-existing rocks
- show evidence of transport (rounding of grains, size sorting)
- breccia
- conglomerate
7
Q
Chemical sedimentary
A
- result of precipitation from solution
- result of organic process (shells from marine organisms)
8
Q
Metamorphic rocks
A
Changed (meta) their form (morphic) under the influence of heat, pressure and fluids
- pre-existing rocks are modified in their form and internal atomic structure to produce new rocks stable in new conditions (while in solid state)
- increase in grain size, new minerals + foliation (parallel alignments)
9
Q
Foliated metamorphic
A
- exhibit parallel alignments of minerals
- minerals line up perpendicular to exerted pressure
- slate
- phylite
10
Q
Non-foliated metamorphic
A
- composed of minerals that aren’t elongated or flat
- don’t exhibit parallel alignments
- marble
11
Q
Examples of igneous rocks (6)
A
Granite Obsidian Andesite Basalt Gabbro Peridotite
12
Q
Examples of sedimentary rocks (7)
A
Conglomerate Sandstone Shale Limestone Chert Gypsum Rock salt
13
Q
Examples of metamorphic rocks (6)
A
Slate Phyllite Schist Gneiss Quartzite Marble
