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Earth And Space > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Evidence for earth’s rotation

A

Coreolis effect
Foucaults pendulum
Day and night

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2
Q

Evidence for earth’s revolution

A

Seasons

Parallax

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3
Q

Where do comets originate?

A

Kuiper belt

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4
Q

Why do you weight less on the equator?

A

Earth is an oblate spheroid

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5
Q

Frequency units

A

Hz

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6
Q

Wavelength units

A

Angstom

Meters

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7
Q

Most useful type of spectrum for astronomers?

A

Absorption spectrum

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8
Q

Hubble’s law

A

All galaxies are moving away from us

Farthest ones are moving fastest

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9
Q

What particles were created first?

A

Quarks

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10
Q

What epoch did humans arise

A

Pleistocene

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11
Q

What era did the dinosaurs roam the earth? What periods are they?

A

Mesozoic era - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous periods

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12
Q

How does seismology support the theory that earth’s core is a liquid

A

Earthquakes/seismic activity at all
Magnetic field
Seismic wave speed
Density (inner+outer core have different densities but are both mainly Fe)

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13
Q

Problems with wegener’s theory

A

Couldn’t explain how the plates moved

He’s a meteorologist (not credible)

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14
Q

Why do earthquakes never happen beneath 650km of earth’s surface?

A

Rocks act like plastic because high temp

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15
Q

What’s happening down the centre of the Atlantic?

A

Divergent fault

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16
Q

Difference between magma and lava

A

Lava is magma above ground

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17
Q

Speed of earth’s revolution

A

30km/s

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18
Q

Define insolation

A

Exposure to sun’s rays

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19
Q

Alps and Mediterranean Sea

A
  • subduction
  • continent-ocean
  • African + Eurasian plates
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20
Q

Mount Kilimanjaro

A
  • divergent

- African + Arabian plates

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21
Q

On what two factors does the force of gravity depend

A

Mass and distance

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22
Q

Relationships between asteroids, meteoroids, comets

A 
Asteroids = big meteoroids
Comers = small asteroids with more ice and dust
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23
Q

What’s a piece of rock of dust that enters our atmosphere?

A

A meteor

Hits the ground = meteorite

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24
Q

What’s the SDSS and what can we learn from the data it collects?

A

Sloan Digital Sky Survey

  • very detailed maps of universe
  • can probably see stuff like how things relate to each other
  • computer models probably
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25
Q

Why do we detect remnants of the light from the Big Bang as microwave radiation

A

Light has been stretched so much that it’s no longer gamma radiation

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26
Q

In which era was earth formed

A

Pre-geological time

Precambrian era

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27
Q

How is earth’s magnetic field generated

A
  • spinning iron core

- ferromagnetic

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28
Q

Modern evidence for continental drift

A
  • sea floor spreading

- magnetic field (sea floor rock)

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29
Q

What is the ring of fire

A
  • ring around edges of Pacific plate

- lots of tectonic activity

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30
Q

P waves

A
  • primary waves
  • longitudinal
  • travels through solid and liquid
  • fastest
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31
Q

S waves

A
  • secondary waves
  • transverse
  • only travels through solids
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32
Q

P and S waves are called?

A

Body waves

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33
Q

Surface waves

A
  • two types (love and Rayleigh)
  • only at boundary between 2 substances
  • slowest
  • high amplitude so most destructive
  • rayleigh is longitudinal
  • love is transverse
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34
Q

Along which types of plate boundaries to earthquakes typically occur

A
  • all of them

- continent-ocean though (subduction)

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35
Q

How does pahoehoe lava differ from aa lava

A
  • smoother
  • slower
  • cools slower
  • larger crystals
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36
Q

What direction does earth rotate from the perspective of the North Pole

A

Counter clockwise

37
Q

Difference between the magnetic North Pole, celestial North Pole and geographical North Pole

A
  • magnetic north - magnetic field’s north is (dependent on core)
  • geographical north - most northern part of earth
  • celestial north - where axis points
38
Q

Tibetan plateau

A
  • continental-continental

- Indian and Eurasian plates

39
Q

Aleutian Islands

A
  • pacific + North American plates

- ocean-continental

40
Q

As the distance between two bodies increases, the force of gravity _______

A

Decreases

41
Q

Point farthest from earth’s orbit

A

Aphelion

42
Q

Point closest to the sun in earth’s orbit is called

A

Perihelion

43
Q

When is earth closest to the sun

A

January

44
Q

Earth’s shape is

A

Oblate spheroid

45
Q

In elliptical orbits, when is the planet the fastest

A

When its closest to the sun

46
Q

A small body from space that burns up when entering the earth’s upper atmosphere is called

A

Meteor

47
Q

Why do we only see one side of the moon

A

The orbital period of the moon is the same length as its rotational period

48
Q

Sudden outbursts of solar matter the Suns magnetic lines and returns to the sun without any impact on earth

A

Solar prominences

49
Q

Seasons are caused by

A

Earth’s revolution and axial tilt

50
Q

What planet has the most prominent ring system

A

Saturn

51
Q

What planet has the largest orbital eccentricity

A

(Most elliptical)

Pluto

52
Q

What planet has the greatest orbital inclination

A

(Most tilted orbit)

-Mercury

53
Q

What planet has no atmosphere

A

-Mercury

54
Q

What planet has the largest gravitational force

A

Jupiter

55
Q

What planet has retrograde motion

A

Venus

56
Q

What planet is the hottest

A

Venus

57
Q

How does the moon’s gravity impact us

A
  • tides
  • slowing earth’s day down
  • keeps our axis tilted
58
Q

How does jupiters gravity impact us

A
  • saves us from comets and stuff

- stops a planet from forming in the asteroid belt

59
Q

What three criteria must an object meet to be classified as a planet

A
  • orbit a star
  • sphericalish in shape
  • neighbourhood cleared
60
Q

Marianas trench

A
  • pacific + Philippines plates

- ocean-ocean

61
Q

Red Sea

A
  • African + Arabian plates

- divergent

62
Q

Japan earthquake

A
  • pacific + Eurasian plates

- ocean-ocean

63
Q

Azores

A
  • North American + Eurasian + African plates

- diverging + hotspot

64
Q

In what period did the dinosaurs go extinct?

A

Cretaceous

65
Q

Earth’s crust: thickness

A

Very thin

66
Q

Earth’s crust: chemical makeup

A

Light stuff

67
Q

earth’s crust: seismic behaviour

A

Yep

68
Q

Earth’s mantle: thickness

A

The thickest

69
Q

Earth’s mantle: chemical makeup

A

Fe, Si, Mg

70
Q

Earth’s mantle: seismic behaviour

A

It literally causes it

71
Q

Earth’s outer core: thickness

A

It’s second thickest honestly

72
Q

Earth’s outer core: chemical makeup

A

NiFe (l)

73
Q

Earth’s outer core: seismic behaviour

A

Not so much

74
Q

Earth’s inner core: thickness

A

I mean, second last isn’t too bad, right?

75
Q

Earth’s inner core: chemical makeup

A

NiFe (s)

76
Q

Earth’s inner core: seismic behaviour

A

None happening here

77
Q

What type of seismic wave is most destructive? Why?

A

Surface waves - highest amplitude

78
Q

Most dangerous aspect of a volcanic eruption

A

Pyroclastic flow

79
Q

Pyroclastic flow

A

Cloud of hot gas + ash
Can be 1000 C
Moves 500miles/h

80
Q

Why doesn’t the North Star move

A

Our axis points at it

81
Q

Where is the sub-solar point on the Equinox

A

Equator

82
Q

How does the angle of incidence control the intensity of solar radiation received at earth’s surface

A

Surface area

83
Q

In which periods do most of our fossil fuels originate

A

Carboniferous

84
Q

What scales are used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes

A

Richter
Moment magnitude
Mercalli

85
Q

Moment magnitude scale

A

Richter but more accurate

Uses log

86
Q

Mercalli scale

A

Based on people’s experiences

Not that accurate

87
Q

What are the different types of zones where volcanoes form

A

Hot spots
Divergent faults
Convergent boundaries

88
Q

When is the sub solar point on the Tropic of Cancer

A

June 21

Earth And Space (10 decks)

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