- divergent - African + Arabian plates

Exam Review Flashcards by Ai DontKnow

Evidence for earth’s rotation

Coreolis effect
Foucaults pendulum
Day and night

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Evidence for earth’s revolution

Seasons

Parallax

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Where do comets originate?

Kuiper belt

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Why do you weight less on the equator?

Earth is an oblate spheroid

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Frequency units

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Wavelength units

Angstom

Meters

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Most useful type of spectrum for astronomers?

Absorption spectrum

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Hubble’s law

All galaxies are moving away from us

Farthest ones are moving fastest

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What particles were created first?

Quarks

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What epoch did humans arise

Pleistocene

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What era did the dinosaurs roam the earth? What periods are they?

Mesozoic era - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous periods

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How does seismology support the theory that earth’s core is a liquid

Earthquakes/seismic activity at all
Magnetic field
Seismic wave speed
Density (inner+outer core have different densities but are both mainly Fe)

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Problems with wegener’s theory

Couldn’t explain how the plates moved

He’s a meteorologist (not credible)

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Why do earthquakes never happen beneath 650km of earth’s surface?

Rocks act like plastic because high temp

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What’s happening down the centre of the Atlantic?

Divergent fault

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Difference between magma and lava

Lava is magma above ground

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Speed of earth’s revolution

30km/s

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Define insolation

Exposure to sun’s rays

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Alps and Mediterranean Sea

subduction
continent-ocean
African + Eurasian plates

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Mount Kilimanjaro

divergent

- African + Arabian plates

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On what two factors does the force of gravity depend

Mass and distance

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Relationships between asteroids, meteoroids, comets

Asteroids = big meteoroids
Comers = small asteroids with more ice and dust

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What’s a piece of rock of dust that enters our atmosphere?

A meteor

Hits the ground = meteorite

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What’s the SDSS and what can we learn from the data it collects?

Sloan Digital Sky Survey

very detailed maps of universe
can probably see stuff like how things relate to each other
computer models probably

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Why do we detect remnants of the light from the Big Bang as microwave radiation

Light has been stretched so much that it's no longer gamma radiation

In which era was earth formed

Pre-geological time | Precambrian era

How is earth's magnetic field generated

- spinning iron core | - ferromagnetic

Modern evidence for continental drift

- sea floor spreading | - magnetic field (sea floor rock)

What is the ring of fire

- ring around edges of Pacific plate | - lots of tectonic activity

P waves

- primary waves - longitudinal - travels through solid and liquid - fastest

S waves

- secondary waves - transverse - only travels through solids

P and S waves are called?

Body waves

Surface waves

- two types (love and Rayleigh) - only at boundary between 2 substances - slowest - high amplitude so most destructive - rayleigh is longitudinal - love is transverse

Along which types of plate boundaries to earthquakes typically occur

- all of them | - continent-ocean though (subduction)

How does pahoehoe lava differ from aa lava

- smoother - slower - cools slower - larger crystals

What direction does earth rotate from the perspective of the North Pole

Counter clockwise

Difference between the magnetic North Pole, celestial North Pole and geographical North Pole

- magnetic north - magnetic field's north is (dependent on core) - geographical north - most northern part of earth - celestial north - where axis points

Tibetan plateau

- continental-continental | - Indian and Eurasian plates

Aleutian Islands

- pacific + North American plates | - ocean-continental

As the distance between two bodies increases, the force of gravity _______

Decreases

Point farthest from earth's orbit

Aphelion

Point closest to the sun in earth's orbit is called

Perihelion

When is earth closest to the sun

January

Earth's shape is

Oblate spheroid

In elliptical orbits, when is the planet the fastest

When its closest to the sun

A small body from space that burns up when entering the earth's upper atmosphere is called

Meteor

Why do we only see one side of the moon

The orbital period of the moon is the same length as its rotational period

Sudden outbursts of solar matter the Suns magnetic lines and returns to the sun without any impact on earth

Solar prominences

Seasons are caused by

Earth's revolution and axial tilt

What planet has the most prominent ring system

Saturn

What planet has the largest orbital eccentricity

(Most elliptical) | Pluto

What planet has the greatest orbital inclination

(Most tilted orbit) | -Mercury

What planet has no atmosphere

-Mercury

What planet has the largest gravitational force

Jupiter

What planet has retrograde motion

Venus

What planet is the hottest

Venus

How does the moon's gravity impact us

- tides - slowing earth's day down - keeps our axis tilted

How does jupiters gravity impact us

- saves us from comets and stuff | - stops a planet from forming in the asteroid belt

What three criteria must an object meet to be classified as a planet

- orbit a star - sphericalish in shape - neighbourhood cleared

Marianas trench

- pacific + Philippines plates | - ocean-ocean

Red Sea

- African + Arabian plates | - divergent

Japan earthquake

- pacific + Eurasian plates | - ocean-ocean

Azores

- North American + Eurasian + African plates | - diverging + hotspot

In what period did the dinosaurs go extinct?

Cretaceous

Earth's crust: thickness

Very thin

Earth's crust: chemical makeup

Light stuff

earth's crust: seismic behaviour

Yep

Earth's mantle: thickness

The thickest

Earth's mantle: chemical makeup

Fe, Si, Mg

Earth's mantle: seismic behaviour

It literally causes it

Earth's outer core: thickness

It's second thickest honestly

Earth's outer core: chemical makeup

NiFe (l)

Earth's outer core: seismic behaviour

Not so much

Earth's inner core: thickness

I mean, second last isn't too bad, right?

Earth's inner core: chemical makeup

NiFe (s)

Earth's inner core: seismic behaviour

None happening here

What type of seismic wave is most destructive? Why?

Surface waves - highest amplitude

Most dangerous aspect of a volcanic eruption

Pyroclastic flow

Cloud of hot gas + ash Can be 1000 C Moves 500miles/h

Why doesn't the North Star move

Our axis points at it

Where is the sub-solar point on the Equinox

Equator

How does the angle of incidence control the intensity of solar radiation received at earth's surface

Surface area

In which periods do most of our fossil fuels originate

Carboniferous

What scales are used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes

Richter Moment magnitude Mercalli

Moment magnitude scale

Richter but more accurate | Uses log

Mercalli scale

Based on people's experiences | Not that accurate

What are the different types of zones where volcanoes form

Hot spots Divergent faults Convergent boundaries

When is the sub solar point on the Tropic of Cancer

June 21

Exam Review Flashcards

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