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Earth And Space > Glaciers > Flashcards

Glaciers Flashcards

1
Q

Striations

A

Long, parallel scratches left on rocks and bedrock by glacial movement
Can tell the direction of glacier movement from them

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2
Q

Glacial valleys

A

V shaped valley formed by erosion
Sedimentary rock, hills, but mostly very flat
Fertile farm land
Tectonics affect it

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3
Q

Arête

A

Sharp divide that separates to adjoining cirques

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4
Q

Crevasses

A

Great fissure/crack in glacier

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5
Q

Cirque

A

Semicircular basin found at head of a glacial valley formed by a valleyglacier

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6
Q

Drifts

A

All material of glacial origin (found anywhere)

Erosion, transport, deposit by glaciers

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7
Q

Drumlins

A 
Long, smooth, egg shaped hill usually found in groups, shaped by an advancing glacier
Layered
Rock/glacial tills
Surrounded by bogs/swamps
1-2km long
400-600m wide
15-30m high
Composition varies
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8
Q

Eskers

A 
Long, winding ridge formed when sand and gravel fill meltwater tunnels beneath a glacier 
Ridges of sand and gravel
Hundreds of kms
Gravel is rich (used to build stuff)
Show direction of motion 
(The drugs drawing)
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9
Q

Erratics

A

Large Boulder that has been transported into an area by a glacier

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10
Q

Horns

A

Pyramid shaped peak formed when three or more cirques meet

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11
Q

Kettle lakes

A

A kettle filled with water

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12
Q

Kettles

A

Bowl-like hollow in deposits of glacial outwash; formed by the melting of a large block of ice left behind by a glacier
Some partially buried (sediment flowing down)
Some completely buried (sediment collapsing)

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13
Q

Kames

A 
Small
Come shaped
Sand and gravel
Water pulling it off the surface
(Unwanted dirt drawing)
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14
Q

Moraine

A 
Deposit of till left behind when a glacier retreats
Has forests
Wetlands
Streams
Vegetation
Aquifer
Woodelts
(Burn drawing)
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15
Q

Outwash plains

A

Broad, stratified gently sloping deposit of sediment formed beyond the terminal moraine by streams from a melting glacier
Flat stuff in front of a glacier

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16
Q

Plucking

A

Phenomenon responsible for erosion and transportation of individual pieces of bedrock
Valley glaciers

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17
Q

Till

A

Unsorted and unstratified Rock material deposited directly by glacial ice

18
Q

Glacier

A

Large mass of compacted snow and ice that moves under the force of gravity

19
Q

How do glaciers form?

A

More snow falls than melts

20
Q

Firn

A

Granular snow on the upper part of a glacier that has not yet been compressed into ice

21
Q

Valley glacier

A 
Within valley walls
Go downhill because gravity
In mountains
May be <2km or >100km
Hundreds of m thick
Create glacial valleys and cirques
22
Q

Continental glacier

A 
Covers large part of continent
Form because more snow falls than melts
Thousands of m thick
3km thick
1.7km^2 in area
Create round peaks
23
Q

Ice cap

A

A glacier < 50 000 km^2 in area

24
Q

How do glaciers move

A

Plastic flow

25
Q

What part of a glacier moves the faster

A

Surface and centre

Bottom is slush (ice melts and refreezes)

26
Q

Basal slip

A

Meltwater between glacier bottom and surface

Makes less friction so glacier moves faster

27
Q

Plastic flow

A

Ice grains deform, can be almost flat and slide past each other
Creates forward movement

28
Q

Ice front

A

Ice melting at end of glacier

29
Q

Connection between icebergs and glaciers

A

Glaciers become icebergs

30
Q

When did the Great Lakes form

A

10 000 years ago

31
Q

Why are the Great Lake basins so deep

A

They don’t drain into the sea (so they erode the bottom of the basins)

32
Q

How deep are the Great Lake basins

A

Well below sea level (164m, 52m, 105m, 215m)

33
Q

Michigan and Huron formation

A

Selective erosion of weak rock layers

Also same as Lake Ontario - but they were connected and going through different isostatic rebound

34
Q

Ontario and Erie formation

A

St Lawrence River stuff
Laurentide ice sheet
Ordovician shales (soft)

35
Q

Superior formation

A

Mid-continent rift

36
Q

Warsaw

A

Fissure caves

37
Q

Fissure caves

A

Large caves underground with collapsed roofs

Large limestone blocks tilting down into the collapsed caverns

38
Q

How were drumlins made?

A 
Who knowsssss
-close to ice margins?
-same time under ice sheet swathes?
-2-stage: fluvially-deposited
A good theory: explains full range of observations, variations in shape/scale/composition
39
Q

Glacial lake Algonquin and Iroquois

A

Giant lakes where the Great Lakes are now

They drained and that’s how we have the lakes we have today and y’know all the other cool stuff

40
Q

Karst topography

A

A landscape characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, underground streams

41
Q

Roches moutonnés

A

Small, bare outcrop of rock shaped by glacial erosion, with one side smooth and gently sloping and the other steep, rough, irregular

Earth And Space (10 decks)

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