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Science > Rocks and Minerals > Flashcards

Rocks and Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

aggregate of one or more minerals.

A

Rock

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2
Q

building blocks of rocks.

A

Minerals

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3
Q

Mineral is…
naturally occurring,
inorganic solid with ____ and ____

A

definite chemical composition and orderly crystalline structure

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4
Q

Substances that fulfil all the
requirements but do not
have a crystalline structure
are called

A

mineraloids

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5
Q

WHERE DO MINERALS COME FROM? (2)

A

1) From stuff
dissolved in liquids

2) From Cooling
molten material

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6
Q

if crystals are large?

A

Magma cools slowly

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7
Q

if Magma cools quickly?

A

crystals are small

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8
Q

The cooling of hot, liquid
rock called __ causes
compounds to combine

A

MAGMA

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9
Q

Extrusive” Cooling

A

Lava cools Fast

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10
Q

“Intrusive” Cooling

A

Magma cools slowly

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11
Q

Describes how light is reflected
from a mineral’s surface

A

LUSTER

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12
Q

EXAMPLES OF MINERALS FORMED BY EVAPORATION

A

Halite (salt) for food
*Graphite (pencil) for writing
*Diamond for jewelry

Amethyst
Galena
Calcite
Gold
Pyrite

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13
Q

two types of luster

A

metallic (shiny)

Nonmetallic (glassy, pearly,
greasy, dull)

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14
Q

is the natural, external color of the mineral

A

Color

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15
Q

color of the mineral in powered
form

A

Streak

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16
Q

Resistance of
mineral to
abrasion or
scratches.

A

HARDNESS

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17
Q

The way the mineral breaks

A

CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE

18
Q

minerals break along smooth, flat
surfaces and every fragment has the same
general shape

A

Cleavage

19
Q

minerals that break at random with
rough or jagged edges

A

Fracture

20
Q

is the orderly geometric
arrangement or pattern of atoms in the
internal structure of a mineral

A

Crystal form

21
Q

is the outward
appearance of the mineral’s crystal form

A

Crystal habit

22
Q

Describes the mineral’s density in
comparison to the density of a standard
like water

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

23
Q

SPECIAL PROPERTIES

A

Magnetism, fluorescence,
reactivity, taste, and odor.

24
Q

naturally occurring
aggregate of minerals, and
certain non-mineral
materials such as fossils and
glass.

A

Rock

25
Q

THREE TYPES OF ROCKS

A
  1. Igneous rocks
  2. Sedimentary rocks
  3. Metamorphic rocks
26
Q

*Cooling and solidification of magma or lava
*Crystallization

A

IGNEOUS ROCKS

27
Q

Igneous rocks formed from the rapid cooling and
solidification of molten rocks at the surface
(lava). This results in the formation of tiny
crystals that can only be seen through a
microscope.

A

EXTRUSIVE OR VOLCANIC IGNEOUS
ROCKS

28
Q

formed from slow cooling and
solidification of molten rocks deep inside the
earth (magma). This result in the formation of
large crystals that can be seen through our naked
eye.

A

INTRUSIVE OR PLUTONIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS

29
Q

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS (3)

A
  • Weathering and erosion (sedimentation)
    *Transportation and deposition
    *Compaction and cementation (lithification
30
Q

Sedimentary rocks that formed from
cementation of sediments that have
been deposited, buried, and compacted
over a long period of time.

A

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS

31
Q

Sedimentary rocks formed by
evaporation and precipitation from
solution or lithification of organic
matter. These are classified as:
evaporites, precipitates,and bioclastic.

A

NON-CLASTIC
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

32
Q

rocks formed from compacted organic
matter (coaland coquina)

A

Bioclastics

33
Q

rocks formed when minerals from a
mineral supersaturated water start to crystallize at the
bottom of the solution

A

Precipitates

34
Q

rocks formed from the evaporation of water
leaving the dissolved minerals to crystallize (halite and
gypsum),

A

Evaporites

35
Q

Heat and reactive fluids are the main factors.

A

CONTACT METAMORPHISM

36
Q

CONTACT METAMORPHISM occurs when a pre-existing rock gets in
contact with magma, the parent rock may
undergo a fundamental change in texture due to
____ or even change in mineralogy
when active fluids are also involved.

A

recrystallization,

37
Q

CONTACT METAMORPHISM results in rocks like marble and quartzite that are called ___

A

non-foliated metamorphic rocks.

38
Q

Pressure is the main factor.The flat or elongated mineral components of the pre-existing rocks react by aligning perpendicular to the axis of the
pressure.

A

REGIONAL METAMORPHISM

39
Q

This result in a layered appearance in the rocks
called _____, and these types of rocks are
called ___ metamorphic rocks.

A

foliation / foliated

40
Q

Model that describes all the processes by
which rocks are formed, modified,
transported, decomposed, melted, and
reformed.

A

ROCK CYCLE

41
Q

It helps us understand the formation and
connection of igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks.

A

ROCK CYCLE

Science (9 decks)

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