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Science > How Animals Survive > Flashcards

How Animals Survive Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

of an animal determines the
lifestyle it leads and the way it functions in its environment.

A

The body plan

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1
Q

The overall structure of an animal is its

A

body plan

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2
Q

The levels of organization become higher as animals
become complex in form

T or F

A

T

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3
Q

The essential functions of high complex animals are carried
out on the cell or simple tissue level.

A

F - less

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4
Q

For these animals, individual cells can specialize on a
single task such as ____ or ____

A

digestion or reproduction

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5
Q

enables division of labor among
cells in an animal’s body.

A

Cell specialization

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6
Q

Cells in higher forms of animals are organized into different functional units which are the

A

organ system

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7
Q

In invertebrates such as sponges, digestion occurs within

A

individual cells.

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8
Q

Its body is perforated by many pores through which water enters its cavity

A

Sponges

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9
Q

Sponges: Between the outer and inner cell layers are hard needles called spicules and fibers of a tough protein called

A

sponging

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10
Q

Sponges have no ?

A

guts

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11
Q

Some invertebrate, such as hydra, have an incomplete ___

A

digestive system

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12
Q

There is a single opening known in hydras as the ____ which serves as mouth and anus

A

gastrovascular cavity

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13
Q

The inner gut cavity or its
gastrovascular cavity of hydras is specialized for___ ; Its outer cell
layer contains stinging cells called ____

A

extracellular digestion; nematocyst

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14
Q

body is partitioned into
segments

A

Earthworm’s

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15
Q

In each segment, parts of the excretory, circulatory, and nervous systems are
repeated.

A

Earthworm

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16
Q

Each segment is controlled by an ____

A

individual nerve center

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17
Q

have organ systems for
circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, nerve impulse conduction, and reproduction

A

Mollusks

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18
Q

There are three body parts shared by all mollusks:

A

muscular foot,
the head, and the visceral mass.

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19
Q

Insects or arthropods have a__

A

coelom,
segmented bodies, and jointed
appendages

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20
Q

The body of insects is divided into three distinct regions

A

head, thorax, and abdomen

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21
Q

Arthropods have___

A

exoskeleton, made of chitin

22
Q

have a thick, waxy
exoskeleton that prevents water loss.

A

Insects

23
Q

Three pairs of legs and wings are attached to the

A

thorax

24
Q

Insects require these systems ____ to function

A

respiratory,
nervous, circulatory, and digestive systems

25
Q

Insects breathe through tiny openings
on their abdomen and thorax called _____ ; As air flows through the
spiracles, it enters a network of
tubes called the ____

A

spiracles ; tracheae

26
Q

____ have no circulatory,
respiratory, or excretory systems

A

Starfish

27
Q

Starfish: Gas exchange and waste
excretion take place by diffusion through the thin walls of the tube feet and through hollow tubes
called ____ that project from
the coelom lining.

A

skin gills

28
Q

They have a nervous system but
have no head nor brain

A

Echinoderms: Starfish

29
Q

All fishes have gills that are
composed of tiny filaments which are richly supplied with blood

T or F

A

T

30
Q

provide a large surface area for the rapid uptake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide

A

Gills

31
Q

____ have well-developed sense organs.

A

Fishes

32
Q

They have a closed circulatory
system that pumps blood in a
single loop from the heart to the gills, to the body, and back to the heart.

A

Fish

33
Q

have a well-developed
nervous system – the brain has
olfactory bulbs, cerebrum, optic
lobes, and cerebellum.

A

Fishes

34
Q

In _____, the circulatory
system forms a double loop.

A

adult amphibians

35
Q

The amphibian heart has three
chambers:

A

the left atria, right atria,
and ventricle

36
Q

Amphibians have organs for:

A

circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion

37
Q

They have well-developed nervous and sensory systems.

A

Amphibians: Frogs

38
Q

have a body covering of
horny scales or plates for
protection.

A

Reptiles

39
Q

All reptiles, after they hatch,
breathe air through lungs,
eliminating respiration through
gills.

T or F

A

T

40
Q

Reptiles have a circulatory system with a three-chambered heart.

T or F

A

T

41
Q

In____ the heart has four separate chambers
allowing total separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

A

alligators and crocodiles

42
Q

___ system of reptiles is also well-adapted to life on
land

A

excretory

43
Q

Reptiles are endothermic or cold-blooded animals.

T or F

A

F -ectothermic

44
Q

All birds don’t have feathers, and almost all birds are capable of flying.

T or F

A

F - have feathers

45
Q

Birds need a ___ to
stay aloft. Their flight muscles need a constant supply of oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood.

A

lightweight body

46
Q

Birds have ____ that store
inhaled air which is pushed into the lungs.

A

air sacs

47
Q

Birds have a relatively large, three chambered heart

T or F

A

F - four

48
Q

Birds have a sac-like structure called____ to store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested

A

crop

49
Q

Birds also
have an organ called a ___ that
contains swallowed stones

A

gizzard

50
Q

They have a large brain relative to the size of their bodies, and the part of the brain that controls flight is the most-developed.

A

Birds

51
Q

share common features
such as presence of hair, warmbloodedness, a four-chambered
heart, presence of muscles, a
diaphragm that aids breathing, four different types of teeth, a highly developed brain, and viviparous females who can give birth to their young alive

A

Mammals

52
Q

Mammals have four types of teeth:

A

Premolars
Incisors
Molars
Canine

Science (11 decks)

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