Rocks

Question 1

formed when molten rock (magma) from within Earth cools and solidifies

Answer 1

Igneous rocks

Question 2

rocks solidify beneath Earth’s surface

Answer 2

intrusive igneous

Question 3

example of extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 3

Rhyolite, basalt, obsidian, andesite

Question 4

rocks solidify at the surface

Answer 4

extrusive igneous

Question 5

formed when sediment (bits of rock plus material such as shells and sand) gets packed together. They can take millions of years to form. Most rocks that you see on the ground are *

Answer 5

Sedimentary rocks

Question 6

example of sedimentary rocks

Answer 6

Limestone, sandstone, shale

Question 7

are sedimentary or igneous rocks that have been transformed by heat, pressure or both. Metamorphic rocks are usually formed deep within Earth, during a process such as mountain building

Answer 7

Metamorphic rocks

Question 8

example of Metamorphic rocks

Answer 8

Schist, marble, slate

Question 9

• form from the cooling and crystallization of hot molten lava and magma. Igneous rocks undergo weathering and erosion to form *

Answer 9

Igneous rocks, sediments

Question 10

Sediments are deposited and lithified by compaction and cementation to form * . Sedimentary rock become buried by additional sedimentary deposition, and when they are deep within the Earth, they are subjected to heat and pressure which causes them to become * With further burial and heating, they begin to melt. Partially molten metamorphic rocks are known as *

Answer 10

sedimentary rocks

metamorphic rocks

migmatite

Question 11

As melting proceeds with increasing temperatures and depths of burial, eventually the rock becomes molten and becomes *, which cools and crystallizes to form * , or which is erupted onto the Earth’s surface as *, and cools and crystallizes to form volcanic *.

Answer 11

magma, plutonic igneous rock,

lava, igneous rock

Question 12

Breaking down of rocks brought about by either physial or chemical means giving rise to sediments or ther rock fragments

Answer 12

WEATHERING

Question 13

o rock breaks off into leaves or sheets along joints which parallel the ground surface;
o caused by expansion of rock due to uplift and erosion; removal of pressure of deep burial;

Answer 13

• Exfoliation or unloading

Question 14

o repeated daily heating and cooling of rock;
o heat causes expansion; cooling causes contraction.
o different minerals expand and contract at different rates causing stresses along mineral boundaries.

Answer 14

• Thermal expansion -

Question 15

water expands when it freezes

Answer 15

• Frost wedging

Question 16

Rock reacts with water, gases and solutions (may be acidic); will add or remove elements from minerals

Answer 16

B. Chemical weathering

Question 17

contain calcite and are soluble in acidic water

Answer 17

o Limestone and marble

Question 18

o	Karst topography forms on * terrain and is characterized by:
	caves/caverns,
	sinkholes,
	disappearing streams,
	springs

Answer 18

limestone

Question 19

the process by which rock fragments and sediments are carried along by such agents as wind and running water

Answer 19

EROSION

Question 20

the process by which rock fragments and sediments ae carried by agents of erosion are dropprd or deposited in other places.

Answer 20

DEPOSITION

Question 21

the process by which rock fragments and other materials that accumulated, usually at the bottom of a thick column of water, get cemented together and harden into rock

Answer 21

COMPACTING

Question 22

a change in constitution of a rock brought about by pressure, heat and chemical action resulting in a more compact and highly crystalline condition of the rock.

Answer 22

METAMORPHISM

Question 23

are solid, inorganic (not living) substances that are found in and on earth

building blocks of rocks

Answer 23

Minerals

Question 24

are minerals or pearls that have been cut and polished

Answer 24

Gems

Question 25

are the most valuable gems

They include diamonds, rubies and emeralds

Answer 25

Precious stones

Question 26

examples of minerals

Answer 26

Limestone, clay and quartz