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Earth Science > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

hard mass of material that comes from collection of common aggregate of grains of one or more minerals

A

Rock

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2
Q

formed from hot molten material within the earth’s crust that has undergone solidification, cooled, and hardened, due to high temperature

A

Igneous Rocks

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3
Q

igneous rocks are based on ___

A

crystallization before magma has reached the surface

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4
Q

formed inside volcanoes and has coarser texture due to big crystal formations

A

Intrusive rocks

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5
Q

formed outside volcanoes and has a glassy appearance due to fine crystals

A

Extrusive rocks

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6
Q

clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials

A

Pyroclastic rocks

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7
Q

___ appearance in rocks means the mineral crystals are large and a sign that the rock solidified deep in the earth’s crust after slow cooling

A

Coarse grained

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8
Q

___ appearance means the mineral crystals are small rock cooled so quickly

A

Fine grained

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9
Q

granite, gabbro, diorite, pumice, clay, basalt

A

Igneous rocks

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10
Q

formed from deposits of materials called sediments which are hardened, cemented, and packed together

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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11
Q

deposited on land by water, wind and glaciers; settle down to the bottom of lakes and oceans

A

sediments

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12
Q

formed mostly by weathering and erosion such as gravel, silt, shale and mud

A

Clastic sediments

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13
Q

formed from hardened minerals usually dissolved in water by evaporation or precipitation e.g. limestone, rock, gypsum, rock salt

A

Chemical sediments

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14
Q

frome remains of living organisms such as rocks

A

Organic sediments

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15
Q

why do igneous rocks enrich soil fertility?

A

they come from volcanic eruptions

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16
Q

valuable source of fuel and coal

A

Sedimentary rocks

17
Q

from previous igneous or sedimentary rocks changes due to high pressure and temperature; changes may be in the shape of crystals

A

Metamorphic rocks

18
Q

changing of rocks

A

Metamorphism

19
Q

a rock is converted to metamorphic if it is in direct contact with the source of heat such as the formation of marble from limestone which is heated to high temperatures

A

Contact metamorphism

20
Q

increased pressure and temperature si due to some processes known as plate tectonics and causes the formation of mountains

A

Regional metamorphism

21
Q

minerals are flattened, drawn out, and arranged in bands and
parallel layers such as rocks
that contain mica or iron magnesium minerals

A

Foliated

22
Q

fracture without definite pattern

A

unfoliated

23
Q
  • fine-grained textures
  • rapid cooling
  • small crystals
  • extrusive rock
A

Aphanitic

24
Q
  • coarse-grained textures
  • slow cooling
  • large crystals
  • intrusive rock
A

Phaneritic

25
Q
  • different minerals crystallize at
    different temperatures and at
    different rates.
  • large crystals (phenocryst)
    embedded in a matrix of small
    crystals (groundmass).
A

Porphyritic

26
Q

Large crystals (__) embedded in a matrix of small crystals (__)

A

phenocryst
groundmass

27
Q

during a volcanic eruption,
molten rock is ejected into the
atmosphere where it is
quenched quickly

A

Glassy

28
Q

remains the major fuel used in power plants to generate electricity

A

Coal

29
Q

commonly occur together in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks and consist of hydrocarbon compounds mixed together.

A

Oil and natural gas

30
Q

associated with sediment in ocean areas that are rich in plant and animal remains

A

petroleum formation

31
Q

provides the energy to drive chemical reactions that result in recrystallization (Metamorphism Agents)

A

Heat

32
Q

3 Metamorphism Agents

A

Heat
Pressure and Stress
Chemical Activities

33
Q

at __ boundaries, rocks are slowly thrust downward to become metamorphosed at depth

A

convergent

34
Q

buried rocks are subjected to stress or force exerted by the load above (metamorphism agent)

A

Pressure and stress

35
Q

rocks are also subjected to directional tectonic forces during mountain building, these forces, which are unequal in different directions are called __

A

differential stress

36
Q

the common fluid is water-containing ions in solution, some water is contained int eh pore spaces recrystallization of minerals (metamorphism agents)

A

Chemical activities

37
Q

Metamorphic processes can cause changes like:

A

increased density
growth of large crystals
reorientation of mineral grains
low to high temp. minerals

Earth Science (6 decks)

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