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EARTH SCIENCE > Rock-Forming Minerals: PHYSICAL > Flashcards

Rock-Forming Minerals: PHYSICAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Mineral

A

a NATURALLY occurring, INORGANIC, HOMOGENEOUS SOLID , with a DEFINITE chemical composition, and an ORDERED crystalline structure.

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2
Q

Some minerals are TOO SMALL to be identified by the naked eye that is why there is a need for high-powered instruments such as a petrographic microscope and X-ray diffractometers (XRDs).

A

TRUE

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3
Q

how many are the physical properties of minerals?

A

9

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4
Q

what are the physical properties of minerals?

A

hardness
streak
color
luster
cleavage
fraction
specific gravity
crystal habit

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5
Q

PP: colors

A

wavelengths of light that are reflected by the material

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6
Q

PP color is the most noticeable property

A

TRUE

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7
Q

PP: using colors as sole basis for mineral
identification is not enough because different minerals can have the same color.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

PP: color is highly affected by ??? (2)

A

impurities and light diffraction

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9
Q

PP: 3 classifications by color

A
  1. idiochromatic
  2. allochromatic
  3. pseudochromatic
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10
Q

PP: COLOR IDIOCHROMATIC

A

colors stay the same, CONSTANT
self-colored

malachite (always green), rhodochrosite (always red) and sulfur (always yellow)

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11
Q

PP: COLOR ALLOCHROMATIC

A

colorless in purity, kaya nagkakaroon ng purities
weakly-colored

amethyst and rose

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12
Q

PP: COLOR PSEUDOCHROMATIC

A

false-colored, colors are due to light diffraction

bornite

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13
Q

PP streak

A

color of the powdered form of a mineral.

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14
Q

PP color of the mineral is always the same with the streak color

A

FALSE. NOT ALWAYS

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15
Q

PP steak is more reliable than mineral color for identification becoz streak colors NEVER change.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

PP luster

A

appearance of a mineral’s surface and is dependent on how it reflects light.

16
Q

PP what are the types of luster?

A

pearly
silky
dull
resinous
earthy
adamantine,
vitreous or glassy
metallic

17
Q

PP: crystal habit

A

characteristic shape in which a mineral grows and is a
projection of the mineral’s crystal structure

18
Q

PP: common crystal habits?

A

acicular
blocky
tabular
fibrous
bladed
dendritic
prismatic

19
Q

PP: cleavage

A

tendency of some minerals to break along FLAT surfaces.

20
Q

PP: cleavage has the WEAKEST atomic bonding which means that when you use a hammer to break a mineral, it will always break along these points.

A

TRUE

21
Q

PP: cleavages are parallel and they occur repetitively

A

TRUE

22
Q

PP: types of cleavages

A

basal
prismatic
non-prismatic
cubic
rhombohedral
octahedral
sphalerite

23
Q

PP: Fractures

A

The pattern in which the mineral breaks aside from its planes of cleavage.

24
Q

PP: fractures have atomic bonds with EQUAL STRENGTH

A

True

25
Q

PP: Fractures do NOT break along planes; it just breaks UNEVENLY.

A

TRUE

26
Q

PP: types of fractures

A

conchoidal
jagged
uneven
splintery

27
Q

PP: hardness

A

resistance of the minerals to scratching. It is measured by
scratching the mineral with another object of known hardness.

28
Q

PP: Mohs scale of hardness is used which is composed of ten minerals, numbered from 1 to 10 (1 as the softest and 10 as the hardest).

A

TRUE

29
Q

PP TALC SOFTEST
DIAMOND HARDNESS

A

TRUE

30
Q

PP: Specific Gravity

A

ratio of a minerals’ weight to the weight of an equal volume
of water

31
Q

PP: a specific gravity of 4 means that a certain substance is four times heavier than water.

A

TRUE

32
Q

The size of the mineral is DEPENDENT of its specific
gravity

A

FALSE! INDEPENDENT (a small mineral can have a big spec grav) doesn’t matter

EARTH SCIENCE (16 decks)

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