Rochet CNS Disorders Flashcards
What is found within the Hindbrain?
- Medulla
- Pons, Cerebellum
What is found within the Midbrain?
- Substantia Nigra [SN]
What is Found within the Forebrain?
- Cerebral Cortex
- Basal Ganglia [except SN]: Striatum, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamic Nucleus
- Hippocampus, Amygdala
- Thalamus, Hypothalamus
What is the function of the Medulla within the Hindbrain?
- Provides the autonomic functions; including respiration, cardiac function, and reflexes
- Part of the Brain Steam
What is the function of the Pons within the Hindbrain?
- Relays the signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum [Connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain]
- Part of the Brain Steam
What is the function of the Cerebellum within the Hindbrain?
- Helps produce the smooth motor movements
- undergoes the neruodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias - jerky movements
What is the function of the Substantia Nirga within the Midbrain?
- Pars Compacta: provides input to the Basal Ganglia which supplies dopamine to the straitum
- Motor control
- Undergoes neurodeneration in Parkinsons
What is the function of the Cortex [Cerebrum] in the Forebrain?
- processing and interpreting information
What is the function of Basal Ganglia in the Forebrain?
- Voluntary motor control with some cognitive functions
What is the functions of the limbic system within the Forebrain?
- Amygdala: emotions
- Hippocampus: memory
What is the function of the diencephalon within the Function of the Forebrain?
- Thalamus: passes signals between the basal ganglia to cortex [Non-autonomic]
- Hypothalamus: hormonal control [autonomic]
What makes the Cortex so important within our brain?
- Involved in decision making [cortico-thalamic loop] -> Information to Thalamus to cortex back to Thalamus
- damage = problems with movement, speech, personality
What is the disease of the frontal cortex?
- Schizophrenia
What are the glial cells?
- Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Mircoglia
What do astrocytes do?
- provide growth factors
- decrease glutamate
- support BBB
What do oligodendrocytes do?
- produce the myeline sheath around neruons
What do mircoglia do?
- provide growth factors
- clear debris by phagocytosis
- neuroinflammtion [immune response]
What is the Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]?
- A barrier between the bloodstream and the brain that is connected together with tight gap junctions [provides stability]
What is the basic structure of the Neuron?
- Dendrite: receives the signal
- Axon: where the action potential travels
- Synaptic Cleft: where neurotransmitters are release
What is the pathophysiology of the Action Potential within the Neuron?
- Depolarization: Increase of Na in
- Peak: Na channels close and K channels open
- Repolarization: K is leaving
What are EPSP?
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
- A Na “peak” that doesnt end up causing the Action potential [Excitation]
- Strong enough stimulus will make the action potential
What are IPSP?
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
- More negative ions [Cl-] will cross the membrane; lowering the floor, decreasing the action potential ability
What are the common amino acid neurotrasmittors?
- GABA [Gamma Aminobutyric Acid}
- Glycine
- Glutamate
What is the function of GABA within the brain?
- Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the brain
- Influx of Cl- on the neuron
- Epilepsy, Spasticity, Addition
What is the function of Glycine?
- Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the spinal cord
- Very similar to GABA transmission
What is the function of Glutamate?
- Major EXCITATORY neurotranmitter in the brain
- excess glutamate can cause neuronal damage by allowing excessive Ca influx into the neuron
- Epilepsy, Schizophrenia
What are the non-amino acid neurotransmitters?
- Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
What is the function of Acetylcholine transmission?
- Acts on Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors
- EX: neurotransmissions are cholinesterase inhibitors
- Cognitive decrease, Nicotine dependence, Movement disorder
What is the function of Dopamine?
- Targets D1-D5 receptor and DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER [DAT[]
- Drugs block DAT will increase addiction
- Increase dopamine signaling = schizo
- Decrease DA neurons = PD
What is the function of Norephinephrine?
- Target a- and b-adrenergic receptors and NOREPHINEPHRINE TRANSPORTERS [NET]
- NET inhibitors treat depression
wha tis the function of Serotonin?
