Rochet CNS Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is found within the Hindbrain?

A
  • Medulla
  • Pons, Cerebellum
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2
Q

What is found within the Midbrain?

A
  • Substantia Nigra [SN]
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3
Q

What is Found within the Forebrain?

A
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Basal Ganglia [except SN]: Striatum, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamic Nucleus
  • Hippocampus, Amygdala
  • Thalamus, Hypothalamus
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4
Q

What is the function of the Medulla within the Hindbrain?

A
  • Provides the autonomic functions; including respiration, cardiac function, and reflexes
  • Part of the Brain Steam
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5
Q

What is the function of the Pons within the Hindbrain?

A
  • Relays the signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum [Connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain]
  • Part of the Brain Steam
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6
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum within the Hindbrain?

A
  • Helps produce the smooth motor movements
  • undergoes the neruodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias - jerky movements
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7
Q

What is the function of the Substantia Nirga within the Midbrain?

A
  • Pars Compacta: provides input to the Basal Ganglia which supplies dopamine to the straitum
  • Motor control
  • Undergoes neurodeneration in Parkinsons
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8
Q

What is the function of the Cortex [Cerebrum] in the Forebrain?

A
  • processing and interpreting information
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9
Q

What is the function of Basal Ganglia in the Forebrain?

A
  • Voluntary motor control with some cognitive functions
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10
Q

What is the functions of the limbic system within the Forebrain?

A
  • Amygdala: emotions
  • Hippocampus: memory
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11
Q

What is the function of the diencephalon within the Function of the Forebrain?

A
  • Thalamus: passes signals between the basal ganglia to cortex [Non-autonomic]
  • Hypothalamus: hormonal control [autonomic]
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12
Q

What makes the Cortex so important within our brain?

A
  • Involved in decision making [cortico-thalamic loop] -> Information to Thalamus to cortex back to Thalamus
  • damage = problems with movement, speech, personality
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13
Q

What is the disease of the frontal cortex?

A
  • Schizophrenia
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14
Q

What are the glial cells?

A
  • Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Mircoglia
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15
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • provide growth factors
  • decrease glutamate
  • support BBB
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16
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A
  • produce the myeline sheath around neruons
17
Q

What do mircoglia do?

A
  • provide growth factors
  • clear debris by phagocytosis
  • neuroinflammtion [immune response]
18
Q

What is the Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]?

A
  • A barrier between the bloodstream and the brain that is connected together with tight gap junctions [provides stability]
19
Q

What is the basic structure of the Neuron?

A
  • Dendrite: receives the signal
  • Axon: where the action potential travels
  • Synaptic Cleft: where neurotransmitters are release
20
Q

What is the pathophysiology of the Action Potential within the Neuron?

A
  • Depolarization: Increase of Na in
  • Peak: Na channels close and K channels open
  • Repolarization: K is leaving
21
Q

What are EPSP?

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
- A Na “peak” that doesnt end up causing the Action potential [Excitation]
- Strong enough stimulus will make the action potential

22
Q

What are IPSP?

A

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
- More negative ions [Cl-] will cross the membrane; lowering the floor, decreasing the action potential ability

23
Q

What are the common amino acid neurotrasmittors?

A
  • GABA [Gamma Aminobutyric Acid}
  • Glycine
  • Glutamate
24
Q

What is the function of GABA within the brain?

A
  • Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the brain
  • Influx of Cl- on the neuron
  • Epilepsy, Spasticity, Addition
25
Q

What is the function of Glycine?

A
  • Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the spinal cord
  • Very similar to GABA transmission
26
Q

What is the function of Glutamate?

A
  • Major EXCITATORY neurotranmitter in the brain
  • excess glutamate can cause neuronal damage by allowing excessive Ca influx into the neuron
  • Epilepsy, Schizophrenia
27
Q

What are the non-amino acid neurotransmitters?

A
  • Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
28
Q

What is the function of Acetylcholine transmission?

A
  • Acts on Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors
  • EX: neurotransmissions are cholinesterase inhibitors
  • Cognitive decrease, Nicotine dependence, Movement disorder
29
Q

What is the function of Dopamine?

A
  • Targets D1-D5 receptor and DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER [DAT[]
  • Drugs block DAT will increase addiction
  • Increase dopamine signaling = schizo
  • Decrease DA neurons = PD
30
Q

What is the function of Norephinephrine?

A
  • Target a- and b-adrenergic receptors and NOREPHINEPHRINE TRANSPORTERS [NET]
  • NET inhibitors treat depression
31
Q

wha tis the function of Serotonin?

A