Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHRM 845: Therapeutics III > Pain: Rogers > Flashcards

Pain: Rogers Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pain?

A
  • An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual tissue damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the assessments of pain?

A
  • Subjectively and Ojectively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the subjective assessments of pain?

A
  • PQRSTU
  • P: palliative and precipitating
  • Q: quality
  • R: region
  • S: severity
  • T: time
  • U: impact on yoU
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the objective assessments of pain?

A
  • Behavioral and Physiological Changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we classify pain?

A
  • Acute [<3 Months]
  • Chronic [>3 Months; Tissue and/or Nerve]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the goals of therapy for pain?

A
  • Correct the underlying cause
  • Minimize the pain
  • Improve QOL
  • Limit the side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the non-pharmacological treatments for pain?

A
  • Physical manipulation, Heat or Ice, Massage, Acupuncture, Exercise]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment approach for pain?

A
  • Step 1: non-opioids +/- add on
  • Step 2: opioid + non-opioids +/- add on
  • Step 3: opioid + non-opioids +/- add on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some of the non-opiods that are used?

A
  • Acetaminophin and NSAIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is aceteminophen used for?

A
  • Reduce fever and pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the dosage forms for acetaminophen?

A
  • Tablet, capsule, chewable tablet, liquid, IV, Suppository
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the dosing for acetaminophin?

A
  • Adults: 325-1000mg PO q4-6h PRN
  • Children: 10-15 mg PO q4h PRN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects for acetaminophen?

A
  • Hepatotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical pearls for acetaminophen?

A
  • GOLD STANDARD for osteoarthritis
  • MAX DOSE = 3-4 g
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the side effects for NSAIDs?

A
  • GI Bleeding, Nephrotoxictity, fluid retention, increase cv events {BLACK BOXED WARNING]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are NSAIDs used for?

A
  • Reduce pain, fever and inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some of the clinical pearls for NSAIDs?

A
  • Caution in elderly
  • AVOID: cardiac history
  • AVOID: liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the dosage forms for aspirin [bayer]?

A
  • Chewable tablet, tablet, EC tablet, Capsule, ER capsule, Suppository
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the dosing for aspirin?

A
  • Adults: 325-1000 mg q4-6h PRN
  • Children: AVOID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the dosage forms for Ibuprofen?

A
  • Capsule, tablet, chewable tablet, suspension, IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the dosing for ibuprofen?

A
  • Adults: 200-800 mg PO q6-8h PRN
  • Peds: 5-10 mg/kg PO q4-6h PRN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the dosage forms for Diclofenac?

A
  • Capsule, tablet, XR tablet, Packet, Gel, cream, patch, eye drops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the dosing for diclofenac?

A
  • Adult: 50 mg PO q8h or 2-4 G applied topically 4 times/day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the dosage forms for naproxen?

A
  • capsule, tablet, DR tablet, ER tablet, suspension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the dosing for naproxen?
- Adult: 220-500 mg PO q6-12h
26
What are the dosage forms for Ketorolac?
- Tablet, IV/IM, Nasal spray, Eye drops
27
What is the dosing for kertorolac?
- Adults: 15-30 mg IV/IM q6h PRN or 10 mg PO q6h PRN - Peds: 0.5 mg/kg/dose IM/IV q6h PRN`
28
What is the clinical pearls for ketorolac?
- MAX duration is 5 days: increases GI bleeding
29
What are the dosage forms for celecoxib?
- Capsule, solutions
30
What is the dosing for celecoxib?
- Adult: 200 mg PO BID
31
What is the clinical pearls for celecoxib?
- COX 2 seletctive = less GI toxciity
32
What are some of the add on therapies that are use in pain?
- Gabapentinods, SNRIs, TCAs, Muscle relaxents, Antiepilptics, Topical agents
33
What is the use of the Gabapentinoids [Gabapentin & Pregabalin]?
- Fibromyalgia, Neuropathies, Post-op pain
34
What are the dosage forms for gabapentinoids [Gabapentin & Pregabalin]
- tablets, capsule, ER tablet, liquid
35
What is the dosing for the gabapentinoids [Gabapentin & Pregabalin]?
- Gabapentin: 100-300 mg PO TID - Pregabalin: 75 mg PO BID
36
What are the side effects of the gabapentinoids [Gabapentin & Pregabalin]?
- Sedation, dizziness, Edema
37
What is the clinical pearls for the gabapentinoids [Gabapentin & Pregabalin]?
- Renally adjusted - Used in combo - Pregabalin C-V and Gabapentin nothing
38
What is the uses for the SNRIs?
- Fibromyalgia, Neuropathy
39
What are the dosage forms for SNRIs?
- Capsule, Tablet, ER Capsule, ER Tablet
40
What is the dosing for the SNRIs?
- Venlafaxine: 37.5-75 mg PO daily - Duloxetine: 30 mg PO daily x 1 week, then increase to 60 mg PO daily
41
What are the side effects for the SNRIs?
- Nausea, Headache, hypertension, sedation, weakness
42
What are the clinical pearls for SRNIs?
- AVOID: duloxetine for CrCl < 30 mL/min
43
What are the uses for TCAs?
- Fibromyalgia, Neuropathy, Mirgraine Prophylaxis
44
What are the dosage forms for TCAs?
- Tablet [Amitripyline], Capsule & Solution [Nortiptyline]
45
What is the dosing for the TCAs?
- 10 mg PO qhs
46
What are the side effects for the TCAs?
- Anti cholinergic side effects, sedation
47
What are the clincal pearls for TCAs?
- LAST LINE
48
What are the uses for the Muscle relaxents?-
- Musculo-skeletal pain/spasms
49
What are the dosage forms for Muscle Relaxents?
- Tablet/Capsule [XR/IR], Suspension [Cyclobenzaprine & Baclofen], Solution [Methocarbamol & Baclofen]
50
What is the dosing for the Muscle Relaxants?
- Cyclobenzaprine 5 mg PO TID - Baclofen 5 mg PO TID - Carisprodol 250-350 mg PO TID - Methocarbamol 1.5 g PO 3-4x/day - Tizanidine 2-4 mg PO q6-12h
51
What are the side effects of the Muscle relaxants?
- Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, vision changes
52
What are the clinical pearls for the Muscle relaxants?
- Short term use - Carisoprodol has abuse potential
53
What is the use for carbamazepine?
- Neuropathic pain
54
What are the dosage forms for Carbamazepines?
- Capsule, Tablet, ER Capsule/Tablet, Chewable Tablets, Supsension
55
What is the dosing for Caramazepine?
- 200 mg pO daily
56
What are the clinical pearls for Carbamazepine?
- HLA-B*1502 - Autoinduction
57
What are the dosage forms for Lidocaine?
- Patch, Injection, Topical
58
What is the dosing for lidocaine?
- Apply 1 patch to affect area daily and remove 12 hours later
59
What are the side effects for Lidocaine?
- Hypotension, arrhythmia
60
What are the clinical pearls for Lidocaine?
- Tachyphylaxis
61
What is the use for capsacian?
- Muscle/joint pain, Neuroplathic Pain
62
What are the dosage forms for Capsacian?
- Cream, gel, liquid, lotion - Patch
63
What is the side effects for capsacian?
- skin iritation and pain
64
What are the clincial pearls for capsacian?
- DO NOT get into eyes
65
What are some of the signs and symptoms for Opioid Overdose?
- Sedation, Pinpoint Pupils, Decreased respiratory rate, bradycardia, hypotension, plae, clammy
66
What are some of the signs and symptoms for opioids withdrawal?
- Insomnia, Dilated pupils, Increase respiratory rate, tachycardia, hypertension, sweating
67
What is the way that we can treat an opioids overdose?
- NARCAN - Opioids Antagonist
68
Who should receive Narcan?
- History of overdose, substance use disorder, high opioids doses, concurrent benzo use
69
What are the uses for Opioids?
- Acute and Chronic pain
70
What are the side effects for Opioids?
- Antitusive, Constipation, Nausea & Vomiting, Itching, Orthostatic Hypotension, Urinary Retention, Sedation, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
71
What is the dosage forms for Codeine?
- Tablet, cough syrup
72
What are the clinical pearls for Codeine?
- Metabolized to morphine from 2D6 [PM = no effect; UM = overdose] - Schedule V, III, or II depends on dose
73
What are the dosage forms for Tramadol?
- capsule ER 24h, Tablet - IR & ER 24h, Solution
74
What are the clinical pearls for Tramadol?
- Lower seizure threholds - Serotonin Syndrome - BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inducer, inhibitor; 2D6 inhibitors
75
What are the dosage forms for Morphine?
- Capsule ER 24h, Tablet - IR & 12h ER, Solution, IM, IV, SubQ, Suppository,
76
What are some of the clinical pearls for Morphine?
- ITCHING - Renal Eliminated - BOXED WARNING: avoid alcohol while taking ER capsules
77
What are the dosage forms for Hydromorphone?
- IR & ER tablets, Solutions, Injections, Suppository
78
What is the clinical pearls for Hydromorphone?
- BOXED WARNING: oral [mg =/= ml] & IV [high potency 10mg/ml]
79
What are the dosage forms for Norco/
- Solution, ER capsule, ER tablets, Tablet [5, 7.5, 10]
80
What are the clinical pearls for Norco?
- Has Acetaminophen - BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inhibitor
81
What are the dosage forms for Percocet?
- Tablet, Capsule, Solution [2.5, 5, 7.5, 10]
82
What are the clinical pearls for Percocet?
- Has Acetaminophen - BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inhibitors - ER abuse deterrent
83
What are the dosage forms for Fentanyl?
- Buccal tablets, sublingual liquids, lozenges, injectable, patch [ONLY for opioids tolerant]
84
What are the clinical pearls for Fentanyl?
- BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inhibitor and inducer - Opioid tolerant is; Morphine 60 mg per day
85
What is the use for Methadone?
- LAST LINE for chronic pain, detox
86
What are the dosage forms for Methadone?
- Solution, Injection, tablet
87
What are the clinical pearls for Methadone?
- BOXED WARNING: QTc Prolongation - BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inhibitor and inducers
88
What are the dosage forms for Meperidine?
- Injectable, solution, tablet
89
What are the clinical pearls for Meperidine?
- AVOID: elderly, Renal impairment - BOXED WARNING: 3A4 inhibitor and inducer - BOXED WARNING: DO NOT use with 14 days of MOA-I
90
What is important to know about Allergic Cross reactions?
- If allergic to natural opiates [Morphine, Codeine] SHOULD NOT use semi synthetic opioids [Hydromorphone, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Hydrocodone, Buprenorphine] - If allergic to natural and semi synthetic CAN use synthetic opiates [fentanyl, methadone, meperedine]
91
What is the way that we switch between opioids?
- Calculate daily consumption - convert to oral morphine - Add morphine doses together - Reduce due to cross-tolerance [25-50%] - Split daily dose [4-6h]
92
What is the Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network?
- Looks to see how much pain control is needed for specific surgeries - Provides recommend dosing for acetaminophen and ibuprofen
93
How does the CDC recommend prescribing opioids for chronic pain?
- Opioids are NOT FIRST LINE - Establish goals - Risk vs benefits - Use IR opioids when starting - Lowest dose - Short duration for acute pain - Benefits vs harm - Strategies to reduce risk - PDMP - Urine drug test - AVOID concurrent opioids or benzo - opioids use disorder
94
What is the recommendations for low back pain?
- Self care - Non Pharm: Exercise, CBT, Rehab - Pharm: 1st [Tylenol or NSAIDs]; 2nd [SNRIs or TCAs]
95
What is the recommendations for osteoarthritis?
- Non Pharm: Exercise, weight loss, patient ed - Pharm: 1st [Tylenol or NSAIDs]; 2nd [Intra-articular Hyaluronic acid or Capsacin]
96
What is the recommendations for Fibromyalgia?
- Non Pharm: Exercise, CBT, Biofeedback - Pharm: Pregabalin, Duloxetine [or TCAs, Gabapentin, Venlafaxine]
97
What is the recommendations for Neuropathic pain?
- 1st: SNRIs or Gabapentin/Pregabalin - 2nd: Lidocaine or TCAs

PHRM 845: Therapeutics III (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions