Robbins RT

Question 1

List obstructive lung disease?

Answer 1

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma
bronchiectasis

Question 2

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes?

Answer 2

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 3

What is Emphysema?

Answer 3

irreversible enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of their walls without obvious fibrosis.

Question 4

emphysema classification?

Answer 4

1) centriacinar,
2) panacinar,
3) paraseptal
4) irregular

Question 5

Which type of emphysema is most common?

Answer 5

Centriacinar emphysema

Question 6

What is Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema?

Answer 6

ESPECIALLY IN HEAVY SMOKER
central or proximal parts of the acini, formed by respiratory bronchioles, are affected, whereas distal alveoli are spared

more severe in the upper lobes(apical seg)

Inflammation around bronchi and bronchioles is common. In severe centriacinar emphysema, the distal acinus may also be involved, making differentiation from panacinar emphysema difficult.

Question 7

What is Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema?

Answer 7

acini are uniformly enlarged from the level of the respiratory bronchiole to the terminal blind alveoli

“pan” refers to the entire acinus, not the entire lung.

commonly in the lower zones and in the anterior margins of the lung, and it is usually most severe at the bases.

associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency

Question 8

What is Distal acinar (paraseptal) emphysema?

Answer 8

proximal portion of the acinus is normal, and the distal part is predominantly involved.

emphysema is more striking adjacent to the pleura

usually more severe in the upper half of the lungs

Question 9

Distal acina emphysema characteristics?

Answer 9

The characteristic findings are of multiple, continuous, enlarged airspaces from less than 0.5cm to more than 2.0 cm in diameter, sometimes forming cystlike structures.