Nephrolithiasis-- Sparsh Gupta

Question 1

What is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 1

Disbalance between substance which increase saturation and substance which decrease saturation—> increase risk of stone formation

Question 2

substance which increase the saturation?

Answer 2

Calcium, oxalate, uric acid

Question 3

Substance which decreases saturation?

Answer 3

osteocal…, citrate, pyrophosphate

Question 4

C/F of super saturation?

Answer 4

Crystallisation—>Stones—> Damage interstitium tissue of kidney—> Colicky pain and hematuria

Maybe NO HEMATURIA but ONLY PAIN is present it happens because small stones goes from renal pelvis to the ureter where due to smooth muscle contraction pain appear

Pain radiate from lumber to groins region

Question 5

Investigation method for a stone?

Answer 5

1- X-ray of kidney, ureter, bladder: mostly stones appear because most of the stones are radio opaque
2- Non-contrast CT scan of kidney ureter and bladder: It is the choice of investigation where even Lucent stones appear

Question 6

What are the types of stones?

Answer 6

1- calcium oxalate: Most common, Enveloped shape
2-struvite: Coffin lead shape
3-uric acid: No specific shape, R-Lucent and it doesn’t appear on X-Ray
4-cysteine: Hexagonal shape