Renal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Renal normal function?

A

1- Excretion of nitrogenous base
2- Erythropoietin secretion
3- Formation of active form of VIT-D(Calcitriol)
4- Acid base balance

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2
Q

Erythropoietin secreted by?

A

Peritubular capillary cell.

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3
Q

Renin secreted by?

A

JG cell

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4
Q

What is normal GFR?

A

125ml/m

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5
Q

Any type of renal disease lead to?

A

Increased BLOOD UREA NITROGEN and SERUM CREATININE

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6
Q

What Is Azotemia?

A

Increase Nitrogen in body, Creatinine, and related to decrease GFR.

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7
Q

Uraemia?

A

Azotemia with clinical symptoms

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8
Q

Which of portion of kidney is at high risk of ischemic damage?

A

Medulla because it receives less blood supply then cortex

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9
Q

Renal demographic from anterior to posterior

A

Anterior- Renal vein
Middle- Renal artery
Posterior- Pelvis

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10
Q

Types of Azotemia?

A

1- Pre Renal Azotemia: When hypo-perfusion of the kidney like in hypotension or excessive fluid loss , shock, CHF

2- Post Renal Azotemia: Urine flow obstructed to distal of kidney

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11
Q

Nephritic Syndrome?

A

Grossly visible hematuria or microscopic hematuria with dysmorphic RED Cell and red cell cast, decrease GFR, mild to moderate proteinuria and hypertension

Glomerular disorders characterized by glomerular inflammation and bleeding

  1. Limited proteinuria (< 3.5 g/day)
  2. Oliguria and azotemia
  3. Salt retention with periorbital edema and hypertension
  4. RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs in urine
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12
Q

Nephrotic syndrome?

A

Heavy proteinuria[>3.5gm/d], hypoalbuminemia, severe edema, hyperlipidemia and lipiduria.

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13
Q

Types of nephritic syndromes?

A

1- Acute proliferative(poststreptococca) glomenulonephritis
2- post streptococcal GN
3- Non streptococcal Acute GN(Postinfectious)
4- Rapidly progressive GN( Crescentric)

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14
Q

What is Acute Proliferative (Poststreptococcal, Postinfectious) Glomerulonephritis?

A

Cluster of diseases which is diffuse proliferation of glomerular cell + Leukocytes influx(exudation)
CAUSED BY IMMUNE COMPLEXES

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15
Q

What is post streptococcal GN?

Etiology?

A

Glomerular disease which caused by immune complex deposition.

Poststreptococcal GN is caused by immune complexes containing streptococcal(A beta streptococcus) antigens and specific antibodies, which are formed in situ.

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16
Q

When does post streptococcal gn appear?

A

usually appears1 to 4 weeks after a streptococcal infection of the pharynx or skin (impetigo).

Skin infection associated with poor hygiene

17
Q

Post streptococcal GN mostly occur in?

A

B/W 6-10 yr mostly or may occur at any age

18
Q

Biopsy of nephritic syndrome?

A

Hypercellular and inflamed glomeruli

19
Q

Etiology of nephritic syndrome?

A

Immune-complex deposition activates complement—>C5a attracts neutrophils—>which mediate damage.

20
Q

Which protein contains by PSGN?

A

M-Protein which is its virulence factor

21
Q

C/F of PSGN?

A

Presents 2-3 weeks after infection as hematuria (cola-colored urine), oliguria, hypertension, and periorbital edema

22
Q

PSGN biopsy?

A

Hypercellular, inflamed glomeruli on H&E
Mediated by immune complex deposition (granular immunofluroscence);
subepithelial ‘humps’ on electron microscope