Robbins Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size and thus increase in size of affected organ

No new cells, just larger cells.

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2
Q

In dividing cells, may respond to stress by

A

hypertrophy and hyperplasia

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3
Q

In nondividing cells, increase in mass comes from

A

hypertrophy

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4
Q

The most common stimulus for hypertrophy of muscle is

A

increased workload

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5
Q

During pregnancy, you get hormone induced

A

englargement of the uterus. Uterine hypertrophy stimulated by estrogenic hormones acting on smooth muslce through estrogen receptors. Leads to increase in smooth muscle proteins and an increase in cell size

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6
Q

Hypertrophy is the result of

A

increased production of cellular proteins (pink)

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7
Q

Hyperplasia is defined as

A

an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus

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8
Q

Hyperplasia is only able to occur

A

if cells are capable of dividing

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9
Q

Atrophy is defined as

A

reduction in the size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size and number

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10
Q

Causes of atrophy

A

Decreased workload (atrophy of disuse)

Loss of innervsation (denervation atrophy) loss of nerves

Diminished blood supply

Inadequate nutrition

Loss of endocrine stimulation

Pressure

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11
Q

Atrophy results from

A

decreased protein synthesis and increased protein degredation in cells

degredation of cellular proteins tends to happen by ubiquitin proteasome pathway

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12
Q

Metaplasia is

A

reversible change in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type

most often columnar to squamous

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13
Q

Metaplasia does not result from a change in the phenotype of already differentiated cells. Instead, it…

A

is the result of reprogramming of stem cells that are known to exist in normal tissues, or of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present in the connective tissue

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14
Q

Two changes of reversible injury able to be seen under light microscopy

A

cell swelling

fatty change

(appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm)

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15
Q

What is fundamental cause of necrotic cell death

A

ATP depletion

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