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FMS Week 6 > Neoplasia I- Histology and Cytology > Flashcards

Neoplasia I- Histology and Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia

A

new growth

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2
Q

Cancer

A

Latin for crab

tend to adhere to any part that they seize on in an obstinate manner

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3
Q

Oncology

A

Study of tumors or neoplasms

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4
Q

Tumor parenchyma

A

= neoplastic cells

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5
Q

Reactive stroma

A

connective tissue, includes fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells

in many malignant tumors connective tissue contains abundant and is firm: desmoplasia (desmoplastic stroma)

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6
Q

Desmoplasia

A

in many malignant tumors connective tissue contains abundant collagen and is firm

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7
Q

Nomenclature of benign mesenchymal neoplasms

A

cell of origin + oma

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8
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tissue

A

fibroma

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9
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue (lipid)

A

lipoma

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10
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of cartilage

A

chondroma

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11
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of bone

A

osteoma

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12
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of blood vessels

A

hemangioma

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13
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of lymph vessels

A

lymphangioma

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14
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma

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15
Q

Greek for smooth

A

leio

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16
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle

A

rhabomyoma

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17
Q

Greek for rod

A

rhabdo

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18
Q
A

Lipoma

Cells on slide are regular size = benign

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19
Q
A

Leiomyoma

Spindle cells resemble smooth muscle

same size and shape and color = benign

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20
Q

Nomenclature of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms

A

cell of origin + ~sarcoma

sar =fleshy (greek)

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21
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of fibrous tissue

A

fibrosarcoma

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22
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue

A

liposarcoma

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23
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma

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24
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of bone

A

osteosarcoma

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25
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of blood vessels

A

angiosarcoma

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26
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of lymph vessels

A

lymphangiosarcoma

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27
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle

A

leiomyosarcoma

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28
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor of striated muscle

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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29
Q
A

liposarcoma

you can see that the sizes of the cells differ. very abnormal.

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30
Q
A

Leiomyosarcoma

you can see mitotic figures. Color is nor regular, neither are cell shapes.

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31
Q
A

Leiomyoma vs leiomyosarcoma

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32
Q

Tumors derived from glands (epithelial)

A

adenoma

ex: adenoma in the colon, adrenal gland, liver, kidney,salivary gland

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33
Q

Epithelial neoplasm producing fingerlike or warty projections

A

papilloma

ex squamous papilloma upper respiratory tract, urinary bladder

34
Q

benign epithelial neoplasm

forming large cystic masses

A

cystadenoma

ex ovarian cystadenoma, cystadenoma of pancreas

35
Q

benign epiithelial neoplasm

forming visible projection above mucosal surface

A

polyp

ex adenomatous polyp in the colon

36
Q
A

Tubular adenoma of the colon

adenomatous = polyp

projection into lumen

crypts look a little darker because nuclei are enlarged

37
Q
A

Normal uterus, fallopian tibes, and ovaries

vs

overian cystadenoma

you can see that it is benign bc growth is smooth and regular

38
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

tumor derived from glands

A

adenocarcinoma

ex colon, breast, prostate, lung, stomach

39
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

derived from squamous epithelium

A

squamous cell carcinoma

ex skin, cervix, esophagus

40
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

derived from kidney (renal) cells

A

Renal cell carcinoma

41
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

derived from liver cells

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

42
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

benign neoplasm of the breast

biphasic neoplasm

derived from fibroblasts and glandular epithelium

43
Q
A

Fibroadenoma

benign neoplasm of the breast

biphasic neoplasm

derived from fibroblasts and glandular epithelium

44
Q
A

fibroadenoma

45
Q
A

fibroadenoma

46
Q
A

fibroadenoma

47
Q

Teratoma

A

Teratoma is a germ cell tumor arising from totipotent germ cells in testis or ovaries

terato- teras- wonder monster

Can form somatic tissues derived from all 3 germ layers

endodermal- enteric type glands, respiratory eithelium

mesodermal- cartilage, smooth muscle, ect

ectodermal- squamous epithelium, neuronal tissue

48
Q
A

Ovarian teratoma

49
Q
A

ovarian teratoma

50
Q

Tumors that are exceptions to nomenclature

A

melanoma of the skin

seminoma of the testes

both actually malignant

51
Q
A

melanoma of the skin

52
Q
A

Seminoma of the testes

53
Q

Criteria that destinguish benign from malignant tumors

A

local invasion

degree of differentiation

rate of growth and proliferation

distant spreas (metastasis)

54
Q
A

Squamous cell carcinoma- well differentiated

can see squamous epithelium that are not supposed to be there. Have breached the basement membrane

55
Q
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

well differentiated

can see quamous epithelium that have moved. lots of pink cytoplasm

56
Q
A

Squamous cvell carcinoma

poorly differentiated

cant really tell where it came from

57
Q
A

squmous cell carcinoma

poorly differentiated

you can see some mitotic bodies

58
Q
A

malignant tumor- anapalsia

complete lack of differentiation

cant tell where it is from

can see mitotic figures

59
Q

Differentiation of a tumor

Close resemblance to normal cells of original tissue

A

tumor is well differentiated

60
Q

Differentiation of a tumor

little or no resemblance

A

tumor is poorly differentiated

61
Q

Differentiation of a tumor

no resemblance to original tissue

A

tumor is anaplastic (ANAPLASIA)

62
Q
A

local invasion

invasice breast carcinoma with infiltrative borders/ invasive edges

63
Q
A

Benign

Fibroadenoma

Circumscribed

64
Q
A

Malignant

Invasive breast carcinoma

infiltrative, locally invasive

65
Q
A

Benignvs malignant

Benign fibroadenoma, circumscribed

invasive breast carcinoma, infiltrative, locally invasive

66
Q
A

Invasive adenocarcinoma of colon

on L it is normal but on R side you see glands that should not be there. Invasion.

67
Q
A

Invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast

On the L you see normal breast globular structure

on the R you see tumor nest. Irregulat, uncontrolled.

68
Q
A

Normal squamuos Mucosa of cervix

69
Q

Dysplasia

A

pre cancerous lesion

70
Q
A

Squamous dysplasia of cervix

We see abnormal really large nuclei. See some mitotic figures.

Not yet invasive bc it hasnt breached the basement membrane

71
Q

Dysplasia

A

disordered growth

Commonly found in epithelial organs

dysplasic can be a precursor lesion to invasive cancer

72
Q

Dysplasia vs invasive cancer

A

dyspasia - intact basement membrane

invasive cancer- breach of basement membrane

73
Q

Histologic features of dysplasia

A

Loss of architectural orientation

Loss in uniformity of individual cells

Nuclear pleomorphism

Large hyperchromatic nuclei with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio

74
Q
A

Normal vs squamous dysplasia of uterine cervix

75
Q

Benign tumors typically grow

A

slowly

76
Q

Malignant tumors typically grow

A

faster

77
Q

Tumor necrosis is a feature of what type of tumor

A

malignant

78
Q

Rapidly growing cancers may outgrow their..

A

blood supplu

results in reduced blood supply, ischemia, and tumor necrosis

79
Q
A

Leiomyoma vs leiomyosarcoma

80
Q
A

Viable fleshy tumor L

Necrotic tumor R

Necrosis typically looks yellow

81
Q
A

Metastasis

FMS Week 6 (12 decks)

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