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Microbiology - Virology > RNA viruses - arboviruses > Flashcards

RNA viruses - arboviruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the types of arboviruses?

A

Toga, Flavi, Bunya.

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2
Q

What are the subtypes of togavirus?

A 
Alpha viruses (cause encephalitis in horses, birds and humans)
Rubivirus (rubella)
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3
Q

What are the three alpha togaviruses that cause encephalitis? What is the vector.

A

WEE: western equine encephalitis (west US and CAN)
EEE: eastern equine encephalitis (eastern US)
VEE: Venezuelan equine encephalitis
Vector = mosquito.

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4
Q

What the heck is Chikungunya?

A

Mosquito-borne alpha toga virus that does NOT typically cause encephalitis. Aedes mosquito. Tropical Asia/Africa.

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5
Q

What are the sx of Chikungunya?

A

Fever, rash (resolves after a few days), joint/pain swelling.

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6
Q

What is the classic clinical presentation of rubivirus?

A

Rubella

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7
Q

What else is rubella called?

A

German measles/3-day measles.

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8
Q

What is the presentation of rubella?

A

Similar to measles but not as bad. Prodrome of fever/flu-like sx, followed by head to toe rash. Resolves in 3 days.

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9
Q

How can rubella present in young women?

A

self-limiting arthritis.

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10
Q

What happens when rubella is transmitted to a fetus?

A

Congenital rubella = very bad. Chromosomal breakage and inhibition of mitosis if occurs in first trimester. Presents with heart, eye, and CNS abnormalities.

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11
Q

What does the blueberry muffin appearance of congenital rubella represent?

A

Extramedullary hematopoesis.

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12
Q

What are the major viruses in the flavivirus family?

A

HCV, Yellow Fever, Dengue fever, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis

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13
Q

Which of the flaviviruses is NOT arthropod borne?

A

HCV

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14
Q

What is the vector for flaviviruses other than HCV?

A

mosquito

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15
Q

What is the clinical presentation of yellow fever?

A

Febrile illness, JAUNDICE, n/v, *black vomit, backache.

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16
Q

Where is yellow fever prevalent?

A

Africa (90% of cases). Vaccination required for travelers going.

17
Q

What is the vector for yellow fever?

A

Aedes mosquito transmitting flavivirus.

18
Q

What is a liver biopsy finding for yellow fever?

A

Councilman bodies - eosinophilic apoptotic globules

19
Q

What kind of virus causes dengue fever? what is the vector?

A

Flavivirus, mosquite-borne.

20
Q

Where is the distribution of dengue fever?

A

Primarily in the tropics, but can occur warm enough - even has occur in US along mexico border.

21
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Dengue fever?

A

Initial presentation: backacke, muscle, joint pain, fever.

22
Q

What is the worst thing to happen re: Dengue?

A

Repeat infection with a second serotype, especially serotype 2. Causes Dengue hemorrhagic fever - mortality 10%.

23
Q

What is west nile virus?

A

A member of a group of closely related flaviviruses that likely spread to the US by bird/mosquitos.

24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of west nile virus?

A

Ranges from asymptomatic (most patients) to mild fever & rash, +/- confusion, to frank encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, or paralysis/paresis, with high mortality in the latter group. Immunosuppressed more vulnerable, children fare the best.

25
Q

What is the second leading cause of viral encephalitis in the US?

A

St. Louis encephalitis, a flavivirus.

26
Q

What are the clinical presentations associated with bunyaviridae?

A

California encephalitis, Sandy/Rift Valley Fever, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, and hantavirus

27
Q

Where have outbreaks of hantavirus in the US been centered?

A

Southwestern US: New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah

28
Q

What has been the presentation of hantavirus in the US?

A

Flu-like symptoms followed by pnuemonia and sudden respiratory failure, often fatal.

29
Q

What is the vector and reservoir for hanta virus?

A

Rodents

30
Q

What clinical presentation is hantavirus associated with in Asia and Europe?

A

Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure

Microbiology - Virology (13 decks)

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