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Microbiology > RNA viruses > Flashcards

RNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Positive Sense/DS RNA viruses?

A
  • Reovirus (Rio is a big place so this one is actually the only big daddy DS RNA that exists), Hepevirus, Togavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, Retrovirus, Picornavirus
  • (Revealing a Hot Toga, while sipping Flavored Corona causes Retro-style Porna…think of sex as always being a POSITIVE THING)
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2
Q

Negative sense RNA viruses

A

Bunyavirus, Paramyxovirus, Rhabdovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Filovirus, Delta virus, Arenavirus

-Bunnies Partly-Mixed with Rabies AreThought (Ortho) to Fight in the Delta Arena…bunnies dying is always a negative thing!

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3
Q 
Reovirus 
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • no
  • DS RNA
  • icosahedral and 10-12 segments long
  • Rota virus
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4
Q 
Picornavirus 
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
other info about them?
A
  • no
  • SS RNA +
  • Icosahedral
  • Polio, Rhino, Hep A,Echo, Coxsackie
  • RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins. Can cause aseptic (viral) meningitis (except rhinovirus and HAV). All are enteroviruses (fecal-oral spread) except rhinovirus b/c it’s destroyed by the acid in the Stomach
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5
Q 
Hepevirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • no
  • SS RNA +
  • icosahedral
  • Hep E
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6
Q 
Calicivirus 
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • no
  • SS RNA +
  • icosahedral
  • Norovirus
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7
Q 
Flavivirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA +
  • icosahedral
  • Hep C, yellow fever, dengue fever, St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile Virus
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8
Q 
Togavirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA +
  • icosahedral
  • Rubella, Western/Eastern equine encaphelalitis
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9
Q 
Retrovirus 
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA +
  • icosahedral
  • HIV, HTLV (Human T-cell Lymphoma Virus)
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10
Q 
Coronavirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA +
  • helical
  • common cold and SARS
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11
Q 
Orthomyxovirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
Special things about this virus?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg.
  • helical and 8 segments long
  • influenza
  • uses hemagglutinin (promote viral entry) and neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release) antigens. Can lead to fatal bacteria superinfxn and can undergo rapid genetic changes
  • vaccines: live attenuated vaccine that replicates in the nose vs killed viral vaccine
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12
Q 
Paramyxovirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg
  • helical
  • mumps, measles, parainfluenza, RSV (PaRaMyx)
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13
Q 
Rhabdovirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples and what's special about them?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg
  • helical with bullet shaped virions
  • Rabies: find Negri bodies in purkinje cells of cerebellum and hippocampus. Post exposure treatment is wound cleaning and vaccination +/- rabies immune globulin. symptoms include malaise/fever–> agitation (negri bodies cause angry bodies), photophobia and hydrophobia–>paralysis/coma–>death
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14
Q 
Arenavirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg
  • helical with 2 segments
  • Lassa encephalitis and LCMV (Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus)
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15
Q 
Bunyavirus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg.
  • circular and 3 segments
  • Hantavirus, california encephalitis, Sandfly/Rift valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
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16
Q 
Delta virus
Evenloped?
Genetic Material structure? 
Capsid symmetry?
examples?
A
  • yes
  • SS RNA neg.
  • uncertain capsid symmetry
  • Hep D (which is ineffective without Hep B)
17
Q

Rotavirus

A
  • Reovirus that causes gastroenteritis/diarrhea especially in the winter amongst kids.
  • villous destruction with atrophy leads to dec. absorption of Na and loss of K
  • get yo infant vaccinated before 11months!
18
Q

Yellow fever

A

Flavivirus. caused by Aedes mosquitoes. symptoms include high fever, BLACK vomiting and jaundice. (black and yellow black and yellow etc)

19
Q

Genetic shift vs Genetic Drift

A

Shift: causes pandemics. Reassortment of viral genome; segments undergo high-frequency recombination, such as when human flu A virus recombines with swine flu A virus
Drift: epidemics. Minor (antigenic drift) changes based on random mutation.
“Sudden shift is more deadly than a gradual drift

20
Q

Rubella

A
  • Togavirus.
  • 3 day of fever arthralgia and painful postauricular lymphadenopathy followed by rash head to toe
  • can cause CRS which involves blueberry muffin rash, possible encephalopathy, cataracts, sensorineural deafness and PDA.
21
Q

Measles

A
  • paramyxovirus
  • 3Cs- conjunctivitis, coryza, cough
  • also koplik spots and maculopapular rash from head to toe
  • can cause meningitis/giant cell pneumonia (immunocompromised) during infection and SSPE years later
  • Vitamin A (helps prevent severe exfoliative dermatitis) and supportive treatment
22
Q

Mumps

A
  • paramyxovirus
  • causes Parotitis, Orchitis (sterility) and aseptic Meningtitis.
  • makes your cheeks and balls big as POM POMs
23
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Systemic histoplasmosis

A

Low-grade fevers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer and CD4 <200
see oval yeast cells

24
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Candida oral vs esophageal

A

Oral: CD4 <100, esophagitis

see pseudohyphae

25
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
EBV

A

non-Hodgkins Large Cell lymphoma in oropharynx

Primary CNS-Lymphoma: CD <500

26
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
CMV

A

Interstitial pneumonia: biopsy of lung cells reveal owl eye inclusion bodies
Retinitis: CD <50

27
Q 
HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Bartonella henselae (bancillary angiomatosis)
A

CD4 <200 papules or nodules which are red/purple, globular and non-blanching, with a vascular appearance. can disseminate and cause issues in various organs…will see neutrophilic infiltration

28
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Toxoplasmosis

A

CD <100

Abscesses with ring-enhancing lesions on MRI and encephalitis

29
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Cryptosporidium

A

CD <200

causing profuse watery diarrhea. See cysts in the stool.

30
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Cryptococcus

A

CD <100

can cause meningitis. India in positive.

31
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
HHV-8

A 
Kaposi Sarcoma (purplish lesions on the body and in the mouth. In addition, this virus can affect internal organs and disseminate to other parts of the body without any external signs.)
CD <500
32
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
JC Virus

A

CD <200 PML

33
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
HPV

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus or cervix

34
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Invasive aspergillosis

A

Pleuritic pain, hemoptysis and infiltrates on imaging.

35
Q

HIV infxn; what at what CD4 do we worry and what are symptoms/lab findings?
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

A

CD <50

Tuberculosis like disease; can infect the lungs or the intestines, or in some cases, can become “disseminated”.

Microbiology (6 decks)

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