Mycolgy Flashcards
Systemic mycoses
PNA/dessemination; systemic can look like TB but is non-communicable
-dimorphic fungi, with cold 20 deg C causing mold and hot 37 deg C causing yeast (except cocc a spherule in tissue not yeast.
TX: fluconazole/ itraconazole for local, Amp B for systemic
Histoplasmosis
Where: Miss/ Ohio river valleys
Mode: Bird/bat droppings
Causes: NA
Other: Macs filled with histoplasma (smaller than RBCs)
Blastomycosis
Where: East of MIss River & Cen America
Causes: inflammatory lung disease, diss-> skin and bone (granulomatous nodules)
Other: Broad based budding
Coccidiomycosis
Where: SW US, cali.
Mode-Inhaled spores
Causes: PNA/Meningitis_ diss to skin/bones
Other: increased after earthquakes! Spherules much larger than RBC, filled with endospores
Erythema nodosum, arthralgias
Paracoccidiomycosis
Where: Latin America
Causes:
Other: budding yeast, “captain’s wheel’ formation much larger than RBC
Cutenous mycoses
- Dermatophytes. Usually Tinea.
- Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
- Branching septate hyphae visible on KOH prep with blue fungal stain
Types of tinea
capitis, corporis, cruris, pedis, unguium,
Tinea capitis
head, scalp,+ lymphadenopathy, alopecia, scaling
Tinea corporis
Body-scaling ring “worms” and central clearing.
-Dogs/cats can give
Tinea cruris
- Inguinal
- No clearing
Tinea pedis
3 types
Interdigital-most common
Moccasin distribution
Vesicular type
Tinea versicolor
Class: Malassezia spp-yeast like -not dermatophyte
Mode: degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes ->
Cause: hypo pigment +/- pink patches
Other: most common in summer-hot,humid; “spaghetti on meatball” on micro.
tx: topical/oral antifungal; selenium sulfide
Candida albicans
*opportunistic
Class: white, Pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20 C, Germ tubes at 37 C; white (“alba”)
Causes: thrush (babies,steroids, DM, AIDs), vulvovaginits (DM/Antibiotics), diaper rash, endocarditis in IVDU, disseminated (any organ), chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Other: TX- topical azole for vaginal; nyastatin/fluconazole/ caspofungin for oral/esophagus; Fluconazole/caspofungin/Amp B for systemic
Aspergillus fumigatus
*opportunistic
Class: not dimorphic; septate hyphae at 45 deg angle. conidophore
Causes:
1) allergic bronchopulmonary-asthma/CF. May bronchiectasis and eosinophilia
2) Apergilloma- lung cavities s/p TB
3) Invasive- i-compromised and chronic granulomatous
+/- 4) If Aflotoxin species-> HCC
Cryptococcus neoformans
*opportunistic
Class: heavily capsulated yeast. not dimorphic.
Mode: soil, pigeon poop–>inhalation -> heme spread
Media: Sabourad agar; stains India Ink/mucicarmine; Latex agglutination-polysaccharide cap antigen (more specific)
Causes: cryptococcosis, meningitis
other: “Soap bubble lesion brain”
