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Microbiology > Bacteria Gram Positive > Flashcards

Bacteria Gram Positive Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identifying Staphylococci (catalase +)

A

Of Coagulase negative:

NOvobiocin -Saprophyticus is Resistant’ Epidermidis is sensitive : On the office “staph” retreat, there was NO StRESs.

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2
Q

Identifying Streptococci (catalse -)

A

Optochin-Viridians is Resistant; Pneumo is Sensitive: OVRPS

Bacitricin-Group B strep is Resistant; group A is Sensitive. B-BRAS

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3
Q

a-hemolytic bacteria

A
  • Agar: green ring around colonies on blood agar
  • Strep pneumo: (catalase - optochin sensitive)
  • Viridians (catalase - optochin resistant
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4
Q

b-hemolytic bacteria

A
  • Agar- clear area of hemolysis on blood agar
    1) Staph aureus-catalse/coagulase+
    2) Strep pyogenes-group A strep; ctatalse- bacitracin sensitive
    3) Strep agalactiaegroup B strep; catalse - bacitracin resistant
    4) Listeria monocytogenes-tumbling motility,meningitis of newborn, unpasteurized milk
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5
Q

Staph aureus

A

-Class: gram +, cocci in clusters; protein A; coag +
-Mode:?; bacteria or toxin
-Causes:
-Inflammatory disease- skin infections, organ abscess, pneumonia (often post flu), endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteo
-Toxin mediated disease- TSST-1-scalded skin, rapid onset food poisoning (enterotoxin)
-MRSA-serious nosocomial and CA infections. resistance to pen/nafcillin=altered penicillin binding protein
-Other: commonly nares (protein A)
-Know toxin mechanisms; difference from strep pyogenes TSS
Food poisoning - ingestion of preformed toxin within 2-6 hrs. HeAt stable.

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6
Q

Staph Epi

A

Class: cocci,clusters,catalase+, coag - ;
Medium: NOVOBIOCIN sensitive
Mode:?
Causes: Prosthetic devices, IV catheters bc of biofilms. –Normal skin flora; contaminates Bcx

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7
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

Class: cocci, clusters,catalase+, coag -
Medium: NOVOBIOCIN RES
Causes: 2nd most common, uncomplex UTI in young F (1st is E. Coli)

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8
Q

Strep pneumo

A

Class: cocci, chains, catalase- ; a-hemolytic
“M.O.P.S are Most OPtochin sensitive”; Lancet shaped, Gram+, diplococci, Encapsulated, IgA protease (know function)
-Mode?
-Causes: Meningitis.Otitis media .Pneumonia. Sinusitis
Other:*Rusty sputum,sickle cell/ splenectomy sepsis, No virulence w/o capsule

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9
Q

Viridians group strep

A

Class: cocci, chains, catalase-; a-hemolytic, Medium: optochin res
Causes:
Oral flora->dental caries = Strep Mutans (“viridians live in mouth bc not afraid of ‘opto-CHIN”)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis-> damaged valve-Strep sanguinis (“sanguinis=blood=heart)

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10
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Class: Group A; cocci, chains, catalase-; b-hemolytic; pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR)+.
Medium: bacitracin sens
Mode:?
Causes:
Pyogenic-pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas
Toxigenic: scarlet fever, TS-like syndrome, nec fasc
Immuno- R fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Other:
ASO-means recent infection
M protein- virulence factor,enhances host defense +/- cause of R fever (know JONES)
Pharyngitis-> fever and g. nephritis (but mostly preceded by impetigo

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11
Q

Strep Agalactiae

A

Class: Group B, cocci, chains, catalase-; b-hemolytic;
Medium: bacitracin res.
Mode: Colonizes vagina–> babies–>
Causes: PNA,meningitis,sepsis
Other: CAMP factor= enlarges area of hemolysis by s. Aureus -Hippurate test +
Screen preggers at 35-37 wks, + gets Pen PPX

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12
Q

Enterococci

A

E faecalis and faecium Class: cocci, chains, catalase-; Group D strep; pen G res
Medium: hardier than other D, ok in 6.5% NaCL and Bile
Mode: normal gut flora
Causes: UTI, biliary infections, subacute endocarditis (s/p GI/GU procedures)
Other: vre ( vancomycin res) is important cause of nosocomials

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13
Q

scarlet fever

A

-Scarlet rash with sandpaper like texture, strawberry tongue, circumoral pallor, subsequent desquamation

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14
Q

Strep bovis

A

Class: cocci, chains, catalase-; Group D
Medium: Bile ok, not 6.5 NaCl
Causes: gallolyticus (bovis type I)-> bacteremia/subacute endocarditis
Other: associated with colon cancer*

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15
Q

Lancefield Grouping

A

-based on C carbohydrate on bacterial cell wall–puts enterocci and non-enterocci in group D

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16
Q

Gram + cocci

A

Strep (chains, catalase -)

Staph (clusters, catalase +)

17
Q

Gram + rods

A

Clostridium ( anearobe)
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus (aerobe)

18
Q

Branching

A
  • Actinomyces (anaerobe, not AF)

- Nocardia (aerobe, AF+)

19
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Class: Gram+ rods, club shaped; metachromic granules (blue+red)
Medium: black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar
Mode- tox by b-prophage– inhibits ADP ribosylation of EF2
Causes: pseudomembranous phrayngitis, +/- lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, and arrythmias
Other: toxoid vaccine
Lab -> Elek test for toxin
ABCDEFG: ADP-robosylation, B-prophage, Corynebacterium, Diphtheriae, EF2, Granules

20
Q

Spores-bacterial

A
  • End of stationary phase when nutrients limited
  • res to heat/chemical; no metabolism
  • **Dipicolinic acid at core
  • Autoclave to 121 deg C for 15 min to kill
21
Q

Bacteria that make spores

A

1) Bacillus anthracis-anthrax
2)Bacillus cereus- food poisoning
3) Clostridium botulinum-botulism
4) Clostridium diff- abc associated colitis
5) Clostridium perfringens-gas gangrene
6 Clostridium tetani-tetanus
7) Coxiella burnetti-q fever

22
Q

Clostridia species

A
  • Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe

- tetani, botulinum, perfringens, difficile

23
Q

C. tetani

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe
Mode: dirty things piercing skin –>tetanospasmin that cleaves SNARE blocking inhibitory NT’s (GABA/Glycine) from Renshaw cells in S. cord.
Causes: spastic paralysis, trismus (lockjaw), risus sardonicus (raised eyebrow/open grin)
Other: vaccine prevents (know algorithm); rx with anti-tox +/- vaccine booster, diazepam

24
Q

C. botulinum

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe
Mode: preformed, heat labile tox-> botulinum-> blocks Ach release at NM junctions (adults pre-formed toxin, baby spores from honey
Causes- flaccid paralysis
other- anti-tox

25
Q

C. perfringens

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe
Mode: a-toxin–lecithinase a phospholipase –> Causes: myonecrosis ie gas gangrene and hemolysis

26
Q

C. difficile

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe
Mode: 2 toxins
Toxin A- enterotoxin- binds brush border
Toxin B-cytotoxin- cytoskeletal disruption via actin depol—>
Causes: pseudomembranous colitis & diarrhea
Other: diagnosed with toxins in stool and PCR
s/p abc like Clinda/amp

27
Q

Anthrax

A

-Bacillus anthracis
Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming
Mode-toxin (anthrax)
Other: polypeptide capsule (D-glutamate)

28
Q

Cutaneous anthrax

A

painless paulues surrounded by vesicles–> ulcer with black eschar-painless,necrotic. sometimes –> bacteremia/death

29
Q

Pulmonary anthrax

A

Spore inhalation

flu-like–> then fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock

30
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, facultative intracellular. tumbling motility
Mode:unpasteurized dairy/cold deli meats, transplacental, or vaginal–> “rocket tails via actin pol-> cell to cell spread without antibody
Causes: amnionitis, septicemia, spontaneous abortion, granulomatous infantisepticemia, neonatal (also immunocompromised/elderly) meningitis. Gastro in healthy people
Other: rx with ampicillin; gastro is self-limited

31
Q

Actinomyces (branching)

A

Class: Gram+ anearobe
AF?: no
Where: normal oral
Causes: oral/facial abscess that drain through sinus tracts, yellow sulfur granules
Tx: Pen
SNAP-Sulfonamides=Nocardia; Actinomyces-Penicillin

32
Q

Nocardia (branching)

A

Class: Gram+ aerobe
AF?: yes
Where: soil
Causes: pulmonary infection in i-compromised and cutaneous after trauma in i-competent
Tx:Sulfonamides
SNAP-Sulfonamides=Nocardia; Actinomyces-Penicillin

33
Q

TB

A

Class: Acd fast +. pink rods
Medium:Lowenstein-Jensen
Mode: cord factor in virulent inhibits mac maturation and induces TNFa. Sulfatides (surface glycoproteins) inhibit phagolysosomal fusion
Causes: fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough (NP or ), hemoptysis
Other: INF g assay has fewer false positives with BCG. know PPD cut-offs

34
Q

mycobacterium

A
  • M tuberculosis- often resistant to drugs
  • M avium-intracell, disseminated in AIDs, often resistant; azithro PPX with CD4 <50
  • Scrofulaceum- cervical lymphadenitis in children
  • M marinum- hand infxn in aquarium handlers
35
Q

Leprosy

A

-M leopard
Class: AF+, rod, cool temps
Mode: infects skin, superficial nerves
Causes: (Hansen disease) gloves stocking loss of sensation
Lepromatous-diffuse skin, leonine (lion) facies, infectious, low cell mediates with humoral Th2
Tuberculoid- limited to hypoesthetic hairless kin plaques, TH1 type immune response
Other: armadillo is reservoir!
Tx: dapsone+ rifampin for tuberculoid; + clofazamine for lepromatous

36
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Class: Gram+, bacilli, spore-forming
Mode-spores survive in rice-> keeping warm causes germination +enterotoxin (cereulide)
Causes: emetic type, N/V in 1-5 hours; diarrheal -watery, no bloody and pain in 8-18 hrs.
Other: “reheated rice syndrome”

37
Q

Primary TB

A
  • Hilar nodes+ Ghon focus (lower/mid lobes)=Ghon complex
  • CAN
    1) Heal by fibrosis- PPD+
    2) Progressive Lung (HIV/malnutrition)- death?
    3) severe bacteremia->miliary-death
    4) Pre-allerigc lympahtic or hematogenous spread-dormant in several organs-> reactivation later adult life
38
Q

Secondary TB

A

2ndary: exposed, partially immune, hyper sensitized host–> reinfection with fibrocaseous cavitary lesion in upper lobes
-Can be from/or lead to extra pulmonary sources
CNS-parenchymal tuberculoma/meningitis
Vertebral bodies-Pott
Lymphadenitis, renal, GI, adrenals

Microbiology (6 decks)

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